Deep Dive

The Alarming Rise in Verbal, Physical and Legal Threats to the Press

Many presidents have had contentious relationships with the press. President John Adams’ 1798 Sedition Act made publishing anything critical of the government illegal, and President Theodore Roosevelt tried to sue the press for unfavorable coverage, while other leaders have tried to control the flow of information. However, the animosity towards the press fostered by former president Donald Trump is considered unprecedented. In recent years, journalists in the U.S. have faced increased physical, verbal and legal attacks by public officials and agencies.

For news, analysis, history & legal background read on.

Updated Aug. 14, 2024.

News & Updates

Aug. 14, 2024: Ex-Kansas Police Chief Who Led a Raid on a Newspaper Is Charged With Obstruction

A former Kansas police chief who led a raid last year on a weekly newspaper has been charged with felony obstruction of justice and is accused of persuading a potential witness to withhold information from authorities when they later investigated his conduct.

The single charge against former Marion Police Chief Gideon Cody alleges that he knowingly or intentionally influenced the witness to withhold information on the day of the raid of the Marion County Record and the home of its publisher or sometime within the following six days. The charge was filed Monday in state district court in Marion County and is not more specific about Cody’s alleged conduct.

The raid sparked a national debate about press freedom focused on Marion, a town of about 1,900 people set among rolling prairie hills about 150 miles (241 kilometers) southwest of Kansas City, Missouri. Also, newspaper Publisher Eric Meyer’s mother, who co-owned the newspaper and lived with him, died the next day of a heart attack, and he blames the stress of the raid.

Aug. 7, 2024: NYC Journalist Who Documented Pro-Palestinian Vandalism Arrested on Felony Hate Crime Charges

A New York City journalist was arrested Tuesday on charges that he accompanied a group of pro-Palestinian protesters as they hurled red paint at the homes of top leaders at the Brooklyn Museum earlier this summer.

Samuel Seligson, an independent videographer, faces felony hate crime charges.

According to a criminal complaint written by a police detective, Seligson, 31, traveled with the group of vandals as they defaced the facades of two apartments belonging to the museum’s director and president. The activists are accused of spray-painting doors and sidewalks with messages that accused the two leaders of supporting genocide. A banner hung at the home of the museum’s Jewish president called her a “white-supremacist Zionist.”

Aug. 6, 2024: Prosecutors Plan To Charge Former Kansas Police Chief Over His Conduct Following Newspaper Raid

Two special prosecutors said Monday that they plan to charge a former central Kansas police chief with obstruction of justice over his conduct following a police raid last year on the local weekly newspaper.

Prosecutors Marc Bennett and Barry Wilkerson concluded in their 124-page report that the staff at the Marion County Record committed no crimes before former Marion Police Chief Gideon Cody led a raid on its offices and the home of its publisher. They said police warrants signed by a judge to allow the searches contained inaccurate information from an “inadequate investigation” and that the searches were not legally justified.

July 5, 2024: Former Reporter Settles Part of Her Lawsuit Over a Police Raid on a Kansas Newspaper for $235,000

A former reporter for a weekly Kansas newspaper has agreed to accept $235,000 to settle part of her federal lawsuit over a police raid on the paper that made a small community the focus of a national debate over press freedoms.

The settlement removed the former police chief in Marion from the lawsuit filed by former Marion County Record reporter Deb Gruver, but it doesn’t apply to two other officials she sued over the raid: the Marion County sheriff and the county’s prosecutor. Gruver’s lawsuit is among five federal lawsuits filed over the raid against the city, the county and eight current or former elected officials or law enforcement officers.

June 18, 2024: Los Angeles Will Pay $300,000 To Settle a Lawsuit Against Journalist Over Undercover Police Photos

Los Angeles has agreed to pay $300,000 to cover the legal fees of a local journalist and a technology watchdog group that had been sued by the city last year for publishing photos of names and photographs of hundreds of undercover officers obtained through a public records request, the journalist’s attorney said Monday.

The photos’ release prompted huge backlash from Los Angeles police officers and their union, alleging that it compromised safety for those working undercover and in other sensitive assignments, such as investigations involving gangs, drugs and sex traffickers. The city attorney’s subsequent lawsuit against Ben Camacho, a journalist for progressive news outlet Knock LA at the time, and the watchdog group Stop LAPD Spying Coalition drew condemnation from media rights experts and a coalition of newsrooms, including The Associated Press, as an attack on free speech and press freedoms.

March 4, 2024: Judge Holds Veteran Journalist in Civil Contempt for Refusing To Divulge Source

A federal judge held veteran investigative reporter Catherine Herridge in civil contempt on Thursday for refusing to divulge her source for a series of Fox News stories about a Chinese American scientist who was investigated by the FBI but never charged.

U.S. District Judge Christopher Cooper in Washington imposed a fine of $800 per day until Herridge reveals her source, but the fine will not go into effect immediately to give her time to appeal.

Cooper wrote that he “recognizes the paramount importance of a free press in our society” and the critical role of confidential sources in investigative journalism. But the judge said the court “also has its own role to play in upholding the law and safeguarding judicial authority.”

Feb. 9, 2024: Minneapolis Settles Lawsuit Alleging Police Harassed Journalists Covering Floyd Protests

The city of Minneapolis agreed Thursday to pay $950,000 to settle a lawsuit alleging that journalists were subjected to police harassment and even hurt while covering protests over the police killings of George Floyd.

The suit, brought by the American Civil Liberties Union of Minnesota and pro bono attorneys, was one of several filed against law enforcement for alleged constitutional violations involving the use of force in 2020. Several journalists reported being struck by less-lethal munitions and being herded and detained while covering protests.

Feb. 7, 2024: A Reporter Is Suing a Kansas Town and Various Officials Over a Police Raid on Her Newspaper

A reporter for a weekly Kansas newspaper that police raided last year filed a federal lawsuit Tuesday against its hometown and local officials, saying the raid caused her physical and mental health problems.

Marion County Record reporter Phyllis Zorn is seeking $950,000 in damages from the city of Marion, its former mayor, its former police chief, its current interim police chief, the Marion County Commission, the county sheriff and a former sheriff’s deputy. The lawsuit calls them “co-conspirators” who deprived her of press and speech freedoms and the protection from unreasonable police searches guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution.

Jan. 30, 2024: Judge Orders Oregon Newspaper Not To Publish Documents Linked to Nike Lawsuit

A federal judge has ordered an Oregon newspaper not to publish documents that it obtained regarding a sex discrimination lawsuit against sports behemoth Nike.

The Oregonian/OregonLive reported that an attorney who represents plaintiffs in the case sent the documents to one of its reporters on Jan. 19 and then asked for them back. When the news outlet declined, the attorney filed a court motion requesting they be returned.

U.S. Magistrate Judge Jolie Russo approved the motion on Friday and ordered the news outlet to return the documents.

Jan. 24, 2024: Divided Federal Appeals Court Won’t Revive Texas Journalist’s Lawsuit Over 2017 Arrest

A divided federal appeals court refused on Tuesday to revive the lawsuit of a Texas-based online citizen journalist who said she was wrongfully arrested for seeking and obtaining nonpublic information from police in a case that drew attention from national media organizations and free speech advocates.

A state judge dismissed the criminal case against Priscilla Villarreal — known online as La Gordiloca — saying the law used to arrest her in 2017 was unconstitutional. But Villarreal still wanted to sue officials for damages. She lost Tuesday in a 9-7 decision from the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which saw strong dissents from a group of ideologically diverse judges appointed by Republican and Democratic presidents.

The majority held that the police officers and other officials Villarreal sued in Laredo and Webb County were entitled to legal immunity.

Jan. 24, 2024: Kansas Lawmakers Want a Report on Last Year’s Police Raid of a Newspaper

Dozens of Kansas lawmakers launched an effort Tuesday to direct the state’s attorney general to release information from an investigation into a police raid last year on a weekly newspaper, but it wasn’t clear that their measure would get a hearing in the Republican-controlled Legislature.

Thirty-five Democrats and 10 Republicans in the Kansas House introduced a resolution condemning the Aug. 11 raid of the Marion County Record’s offices, the home of its publisher and the home of a city council member in Marion in central Kansas. The resolution would direct Attorney General Kris Kobach to provide a report on whether the investigation found that people’s civil rights were violated.

Dec. 12, 2023: Fox News Pushes Back on Reporter’s Claim He Was Fired for Challenging Jan. 6 Coverage

Fox News pushed back Friday against a former reporter’s lawsuit saying he was targeted and fired for challenging false claims about the riot at the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021.

The network argued that Jason Donner had not shown he faced illegal discrimination. The nation’s capital bans discrimination based on political party membership or endorsement, but Donner hasn’t shown he joined a political party, nor that his bosses knew and fired him for it, Fox lawyers said.

“That law does not protect employees of news media organizations based on their differences of opinion over reporting and commentary on matters of public concern,” Fox attorneys wrote.

Nov. 17, 2023: Journalist Sues Ohio City Over Arrest During Live Television Broadcast

A journalist who was arrested during his coverage of a press conference following the Norfolk Southern train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio earlier this year sued the city and several law enforcement officials on Monday, claiming the arrest violated his First Amendment rights.

Evan Lambert, a Washington, D.C.- based correspondent for the television network NewsNation, was one of many journalists to travel to the small city in February after the train derailment released toxic chemicals into the surrounding environment, forcing thousands of people to evacuate their homes.

He was delivering a live report on Ohio Gov. Mike DeWine’s press conference when, according to the filing, law enforcement officials told him to stop the broadcast. When he refused, he was arrested and later charged with trespass and resisting arrest. Video of the incident soon went viral on social media.

Nov. 14, 2023: Reporter Could Be Held in Contempt of Court for Refusal to Reveal Sources

In a case with potentially far-reaching press freedom implications, a federal judge in Washington is weighing whether to hold in contempt a veteran journalist who has refused to identify her sources for stories about a Chinese American scientist who was investigated by the FBI but never charged.

The judge previously ordered former Fox News reporter Catherine Herridge to be interviewed under oath about her sources for a series of stories about Yanping Chen, who was investigated for years on suspicions she may have lied on immigration forms related to work on a Chinese astronaut program. Chen has sued the government, saying details about the probe were leaked to damage her reputation.

But after Herridge refused to divulge to Chen’s lawyers how she acquired her information, the scientist’s attorneys are asking U.S. District Judge Christopher Cooper to hold the reporter in contempt — a sanction that could result in steep monetary fines until she complies.

Nov. 2, 2023: Newspaper Publisher and Reporter Arrested, Accused of Revealing Grand Jury Information

A smalltown newspaper publisher and reporter in Alabama were arrested after authorities accused them of publishing an article that revealed information about a grand jury investigation involving the local school system.

Court records show Sherry Digmon, an owner of the Atmore News and a member of the local school board, and reporter Donald Fletcher were both arrested, along with a bookkeeper at the school system.

Aug. 31, 2023: Reporter Files Lawsuit Against Police Chief Who Raided Kansas Newspaper

One of the reporters who works at the small Kansas newspaper that was raided by authorities earlier this month filed a federal lawsuit against the police chief Wednesday.

Deb Gruver believes Marion Police Chief Gideon Cody violated her constitutional rights when he abruptly snatched her personal cellphone out of her hands during a search where officers also seized computers from the Marion County Record’s office, according to the lawsuit. That Aug. 11 search and two others conducted at the homes of the newspaper’s publisher and a City Council member have thrust the town into the center of a debate over the press protections in the First Amendment.

Aug. 22, 2023: Kansas Agency Says Initial Online Search That Sparked Newspaper Raid Was Legal

The initial online search of a state website that led a central Kansas police chief to raid a local weekly newspaper was legal, a spokesperson for the agency that maintains the site said Monday, as newly released video showed the publisher’s 98-year-old mother protesting a search of their home.

The raids on the Marion County Record and the publisher’s home happened earlier this month, after a local restaurant owner accused the newspaper of illegally accessing information about her. A prosecutor said later that there was insufficient evidence to justify the raids, and some of the seized computers and cellphones have been returned.

Aug. 21, 2023: Kansas Newspaper Raid Likely Broke the Law, Experts Say

A central Kansas police chief was not only on legally shaky ground when he ordered the raid of a weekly newspaper, experts said, but it may have been a criminal violation of civil rights, a former federal prosecutor added, saying: “I’d probably have the FBI starting to look.”

Some legal experts believe the Aug. 11 raid on the Marion County Record’s offices and the home of its publisher violated a federal privacy law that protects journalists from having their newsrooms searched. Some believe it violated a Kansas law that makes it more difficult to force reporters and editors to disclose their sources or unpublished material.

Aug. 16, 2023: Kansas Prosecutor: Police Should Return Material Seized in Newspaper Raid

A Kansas prosecutor said Wednesday that he found insufficient evidence to support the police raid of a weekly newspaper and that all seized material should be returned in a dispute over press freedoms that the White House acknowledged it is watching closely.

“This admin has been vocal about the importance of the freedom of press, here and around the globe,” White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre said at her daily briefing on Wednesday. “That is the core value when you think about our democracy, when you think about the cornerstone of our democracy, the freedom of press is right there.”

She said the raid raises “a lot of concerns and a lot of questions for us.”

Aug. 16, 2023: Police Raid of Small Kansas Newspaper Sparks First Amendment Battle

A small newspaper and a police department in Kansas are at the center of a dispute over freedom of speech as the newspaper struggled Monday to publish its next edition, days after police raided its office and the home of its owner and publisher.

Officials with the Marion Police Department confiscated computers and cellphones from the publisher and staff of the Marion County Record in Friday’s raid. On Monday, Kansas state authorities confirmed they are also involved in a criminal probe of the newspaper over allegations that it illegally obtained and used personal information about a local business owner.

Friday’s raids have been widely condemned by press freedom watchdogs as a blatant violation of the U.S. Constitution’s protection for a free press. Kansas Gov. Laura Kelly called the raids “concerning.” An attorney for the newspaper deemed the searches and seizures illegal and said the police department’s action “offends the constitutional protections the founding fathers gave the free press.” The Society of Professional Journalists pledged $20,000 toward the newspaper’s legal defense.

Dec. 8, 2022: U.S. Federal Judge Dismisses Lawsuit Against Saudi Crown Prince in Journalist’s Killing

A U.S. federal judge dismissed a lawsuit Dec. 6 against Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and two of his alleged co-conspirators in the killing of journalist and democracy advocate Jamal Khashoggi. President Biden’s administration argued that the Saudi prince was immune legally as the head of state, and the federal judge heeded its suggestion.

U.S. District Judge John D. Bates noted that the lawsuit included “credible allegations of his [Prince Mohammed] involvement in Khashoggi’s murder.” But, the U.S. urged the federal district court to dismiss the case, arguing that the “doctrine of head-of-state immunity” applied and that the “determination is controlling and is not subject to judicial review.”

Dec. 5, 2022: Journalists Injured by Police While Covering George Floyd Protests are Winning Large Settlements

Millions went into the streets during the summer of 2020 to protest the killing of George Floyd, pinned under the knee of Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin and three other officers. Two years later, attorneys representing municipalities, police departments and state agencies around the country remain embroiled in litigation and negotiated settlements to compensate journalists and citizens who were injured by law enforcement as they documented the protests.

Those who filed lawsuits claim they were targeted, victims of excessive force and still suffer from debilitating injuries.

The attacks raise serious questions about the law enforcement response in handling protests against police brutality and the chilling effect of that violent backlash. Nine days after Floyd’s death, the American Civil Liberties Union posted a story characterizing the attacks on journalists as a “full-scale assault on the First Amendment freedom of the press.”

As the attacks added up, so did the lawsuits filed on behalf of the media. U.S. Press Freedom Tracker, an open-source database of press freedom incidents, reported at the two-year mark following Floyd’s death that at least 50 journalists covering the protests had filed First Amendment lawsuits against law enforcement.

Aug. 19, 2022: ‘We are Salman’ Supporters of Free Speech Rally in New York City

Exactly a week after writer and journalist Salman Rushdie survived a brutal assassination attempt in Chautauqua, New York, writers, journalists and poets joined PEN America outside the New York Public Library in solidarity, defiance and public celebration of Rushdie’s art, writing and perseverance in defending the freedom of expression.

The seriousness of the stabbing attack which cut his neck, liver and severed nerves in his arm, didn’t deter Rushdie from offering some ideas to PEN America about which readings of his the writers, editors and artists might deliver in front of a crowd of hundreds listening on the library steps for the #StandWithSalman event Friday morning.

March 18, 2021: Journalist Faces Charges for Lingering After Dispersal Order

The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) is charging a freelance journalist with failing to follow an order to disperse issued during the city’s World Series celebrations in October 2020.

Lexis-Olivier Ray, a freelance journalist, covered the chaotic celebrations for the news website L.A. Taco. Ray was not one of the 18 people arrested that night. Only months later, in February 2021, did he receive a letter in the mail notifying him that he was facing criminal charges. 

According to The Los Angeles Times, Ray believes the department is retaliating against him for posting a video showing LAPD officers using violent tactics against him and others. One video showed an LAPD officer tackling Ray to the ground while he screamed “press.” The video has been viewed more than 400,000times and led the LAPD to open an internal investigation into police tactics. 

“I find it difficult to believe that there isn’t a connection between my recent investigative reporting and the notice that I received from the City Attorney’s office,” Ray wrote in an email to The Times. “It’s disheartening to learn that I was the only person charged with failure to disperse that night as I am just working in good faith to keep our communities informed and hold our local officials accountable.”

The Los Angeles Times

Dec. 14, 2020: In a Year of Nationwide Protests, Journalists Face Unprecedented Arrests

A new report published by the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) examines the impact of President Donald Trump’s attacks on the press and concludes that the president’s actions not only threaten democracy in the U.S., but also endanger press freedom across the globe.

“The Trump administration has stepped up prosecutions of news sources, interfered in the business of media owners, harassed journalists crossing U.S. borders, and empowered foreign leaders to restrict their own media,” the report says. 

The CPJ report cites numerous attempts by Trump undermine the press including his recent defamation lawsuits against The New York Times, The Washington Post and CNN; his unsuccessful attempts to take away White House press credentials from two reporters; and his efforts to retaliate against Jeff Bezos, who owns the Post and Amazon, by attempting to interfere with regulations that affect his businesses.  

Written by Leonard Downie Jr., a former executive editor for The Washington Post, the report draws from more than forty interviews with journalists, press freedom advocates, journalism school deans, media lawyers, journalism professors, and Trump administration officials, as well as data from the U.S. Press Freedom Tracker that has data on the number of arrests, physical attacks, and investigations of journalists.

Downie, who worked for the Post in the 1970s when the paper broke the Watergate scandal that ended Richard Nixon’s presidency, told the Post that he hoped the report helped people see “what’s going on.”

“People can see Trump’s attacks on the press, but not really know their impact” or scope, he told the Post. “You can be aware of the drip, drip, drip of this every day, but not see the whole picture, which is shocking.” 

In the U.S., Trump’s repeated attacks on the credibility of the press have left many Americans doubting whether even fact-checked news sources can be trusted. This is particularly true among Republicans, who consistently express distrust for media outlets more often than Democrats, according to a 2019 Pew Research study on U.S. Media Polarization cited in the CPJ report.

CPJ    U.S. Press Freedom Tracker

April 1, 2020: Reporters Committee for the Freedom of the Press Report that Physical Attacks on Journalists Have Increased

While President Donald Trump continued to disparage the media, the Reporters Committee for the Freedom of the Press (RCFP) reported that journalists have also faced an increased number of attacks by public officials and agencies.

According to the RCFP’s 2019 U.S. Press Freedom Tracker report, protests continue to be the most dangerous place for journalists. In 2019, 34 reporter were attacked, with two of these assaults occurring during Trump rallies.

Additionally, while there were fewer arrests of journalists for the year—nine compared to 11 in 2018 and 38 in 2017—however, the number of subpoenas rose from 27 in 2019, compared to 25 in 2018 and eight in 2017. 

The border between Mexico and the U.S. was a trouble spot for journalists, many of whom complained that they were detained and questioned by Customs and Border Protection officials. 

RCFP

Jan. 28, 2020: Secretary of State Mike Pompeo Punishes NPR Reporter After Heated Exchange with Colleague

Secretary of State Mike Pompeo officially barred a veteran reporter for National Public Radio (NPR) from flying with him during an upcoming trip to Europe and Central Asia on Monday, January 27th.

Pompeo removed Michele Kelemen from a list of reporters allowed to travel with him in an apparent act of retaliation against the news organization after Kelemen’s colleague, Mary Louise Kelly, got into a heated exchange with Pompeo. The argument with Kelly took place on Saturday, Jan. 25 and was about Pompeo’s treatment of former U.S. ambassador to Ukraine Marie Yovanovitch and the circumstances surrounding her removal.

Following Kelemen’s removal, the State Department Correspondent’s Association (SDCA) issued a statement urging the State Department to reconsider its decision.

“Michele is a consummate professional who has covered the State Department for nearly two decades,” the statement said. “The State Department press corps has a long tradition of accompanying secretaries of state on their travels and we find it unacceptable to punish an individual member of our association.”

The State Department has not responded to requests for comment from PoliticoBBC, and Vox.

Politico

Dec. 16, 2019: County Commissioner’s Wife Attacked a Reporter, Poured Soda Over Her Head

Abbey Winters, the wife the Chattooga County Commissioner Jason Winters, assaulted a reporter during a county budget meeting on Friday, December 13. According to a police report and The Summerville News, the wife poured a drink on AllOnGeorgia reporter Casie Bryant’s head and then told her that she “deserved” it.

 After the episode, Bryant remained quiet while others confronted Winters for her behavior. 

According to The Washington Post, Bryant had not ever written a critical story about the county commissioner. Instead, the commissioner’s wife might have been motivated by a Facebook post where Bryant appeared to criticize a trip the official took to France.

“Fresh off his trip to Paris, he’s ready to talk about the budget to the PUBLIC,” the post read.

The commissioner and his wife told the police that the incident was not intentional, and that Winters “ accidentally” poured the drink on Bryant.

Delvis Dutton, the owner of AllOnGeorgia criticized Winter’s behavior and subsequent excuse in a statement published on the site.

“The media plays an integral role in ensuring transparency, and these types of antics are dangerous to open government and a disservice to the people it serves,” Dutton said.

After the meeting, Winters turned herself into the Chattooga County Jail, and was released on a $1,520 property bond. She has been charged with simple battery and disorderly conduct.

Washington Post   AllonGerogia.com

Nov. 21, 2018: Knight First Amendment Institute Suing U.S. Intelligence Agencies Over Khashoggi’s Murder 

The Knight First Amendment Institute is suing U.S. intelligence agencies to learn if they complied with a “duty to warn” journalist Jamal Khashoggi about threats to his life.

When an intelligence agency becomes aware of a threat of kidnapping or murder, it is obligated to inform the intended victim, and document and maintain records of its actions. The Knight Institute filed a FOIA request last month seeking records related to the murder, but none of the intelligence agencies have provided it with those documents.

The lawsuit, filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, says that before Khashoggi’s murder on October 2, 2018, U.S. intelligence agencies had apparently intercepted communications in which Saudi officials discussed a plan to kidnap Khashoggi. It is not clear, however, what the agencies learned from these conversations, or what steps they took to warn Khashoggi of the threats.

The Committee to Protect Journalists joined Knight in calling for the release of the records.

“The government must explain what it knew of the threat to Khashoggi before his killing, and what, if anything, it did to warn him of that threat,” said Jameel Jaffer, executive director of the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University in a statement.

Complaint  Just Security

May 18, 2018: President Trump: ‘Fake News’ Country’s Biggest Enemy

NBC and CNN, familiar targets for President Trump’s condemnation, were called out on his Twitter account for their coverage of the North Korea summit. Trump tweeted a similar statement last year, calling the press “the enemy of the American people.”

A Trump 2020 campaign official tweeted that Jim Acosta, CNN‘s White House Correspondent, should have his press credentials suspended for asking Trump and Kim a question during the summit’s signing ceremony.

The Hill CNN
March 13th, 2018: Politicians and Other Officials Increasingly Taking Up the Fake News Mantra

The Associated Press reports that the governor of Maine, a New Mexico congressional candidate, the Georgia secretary of state and the vice chairman of Trump’s now-disbanded voter fraud commission all leaned on “fake news” in deriding opponents. Others have also brandished the term as a weapon against journalists doing investigative reporting. As “fake news” become more ubiquitous, press freedom is diminished say experts.

Associated Press
Feb. 15th, 2018: Fake Tweets Shake Journalists Reporting on Florida School Shooting

Miami Herald reporter Alex Harris was one of the first to reach out to students about what was going on at Marjory Stonemason Douglas High School as a shooter rained chaos on campus. Soon after, doctored tweets attributed to her gained steam and the twitter universe exploded with accusations Harris was racist. “I had literally thousands of messages and they just filled up my mentions and DMs with terrible, racist, sexist, horrific, graphic death threats,” Harris told Buzzfeed. A report last year by the news service indicated Twitter was failing to crackdown on online harassment.

Buzzfeed Buzzfeed

Winter 2018: What It Means To Be A Journalist In The Era of Trump

CJR reviews what has happened to journalists over the past year – and what may be in store.

CJR
Feb. 7, 2018: Journalists Need Legislated Protection Says House Rep

With attacks both verbal and physical against journalists on the rise, California Democratic Representative Eric Swalwell has introduced the Journalist Protection Act. “I seek to protect the CNN journalist as much as I seek to protect the Fox News journalist,” he told The Hollywood Reporter.

Hollywood Reporter

Jan. 19, 2018: CJR Looks at Trump’s Press Freedom Record

Joel Simon reviews 2017 and finds it alarming that, “The confrontations between Trump and reporters covering the White House make great television and define perceptions in the US and around the world. And it’s no small matter that several members of the White House press corps, including Jim Acosta and April Ryan, have received death threats.”

CJR
Jan. 2, 2018: Trump Ally Threats Press, Temporarily Blocked on Twitter

A Trump ally, former Milwaukee Sheriff David A. Clarke, Jr., was blocked temporarily from Twitter after a now deleted tweet called for violence against the media.

CNN
Nov. 14, 2017: Journalists Aaron Cantú and Alexei Wood Await Trail Results In Rioting Case

Two of the nine journalists arrested during the inauguration day protests (of the 234 arrested in total) – Aaron Cantú, a staff reporter at The Santa Fe Reporter in New Mexico who worked as a freelancer in January, and Alexei Wood, a freelance photojournalist and videographer based in San Antonio – were charged with various felony charges related to rioting. Both men await trial results in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia and if convicted, may face decades long sentences. Wood posted a Facebook Live video that showed him running with protestors which may be used against him. Freedom of press supporters says journalists cannot be charged for covering events. Alexandra Ellerbeck, the North America program coordinator for Committee to Protect Journalists, told the New York Times, “Criminal laws should require criminal intent, and so if a journalist is covering the story, that does not constitute criminal intent.”

New York Times The Hill US News & World Report

April 27, 2017 Felony Rioting – Superseding Indictment

Nov. 13, 2017: How A Two Year Crusade Against the Media Has Helped Roy Moore Deflect Abuse Allegations

Politico posits that the relentless tirade of “fake news” allegation against the media has enabled Roy Moore to defend himself against allegations of sextual abuse.

Politico
Oct. 31, 2017: Aggressive Police Takedown of Reporter Leaves Many Wondering Why

Video capturing the arrest of Shareblue Media’s Mike Stark show police officers aggressively confronting Stark. Fairfax County police are investigating. Did Stark break the law or was he being targeted and silenced?

Washington Post
Oct. 2, 2017: CJR Discusses What News Outlets Do When Journalists Get Arrested

When St. Louis Post-Dispatch reporter Mike Faulk was arrested for covering the September 17 protest after the decision to acquit Jason Stockley, the white ex-police officer who fatally shot Anthony Lamar Smith, a black man, in 2011, editors responded aggressively.

CJR
Sept. 4, 2017: Trump Government Agency Calls Erroneous Hurricane Coverage “Yellow Journalism”

Associated Press reporter Michael Biesecker was singled out for erroneously reporting on fragility of the toxic sites in Houston affected by Hurricane Harvey. According to the AP piece, “Houston metro area has more than a dozen Superfund sites, designated by the Environmental Protection Agency as being among America’s most intensely contaminated places. Many are now flooded, with the risk that waters were stirring dangerous sediment.” The EPA Associate Administrator, Liz Bowman, responded, “Once again, in an attempt to mislead Americans, the Associated Press is cherry-picking facts, as EPA is monitoring Superfund sites around Houston and we have a team of experts on the ground working with our state and local counterparts responding to Hurricane Harvey. Anything to the contrary is yellow journalism.” –

Politico

Aug. 2, 2017: U.S. Press Freedom Tracker Launches

Nearly two dozen press freedom organizations joined to track abuses against the press.

Freedom of the Press Foundation
July 7, 2017: CNN Bearing the Brunt of Trump’s Ire

Some analysts speculate the Trump could hold up the AT&T / Time Warner deal because of a long-simmering rift with CNN. Trump took to Twitter several times in early July calling out CNN as “Fake News” and “Fraud News” and including a meme of him bashing a CNN reporter.

Hollywood Reporter


May 16, 2017: Did Trump Encourage Comey to Jail Journalists?

Allegations that Trump asked Comey to jail journalists who published classified information continue to build. In a statement, Bruce Brown, the executive director of the Reporters Committee for the Freedom of the Press, said “no president gets to jail journalists…Reporters are protected by judges and juries, by a congress that relies on them to stay informed, and by a Justice Department that for decades has honored the role of a free press by spurning prosecutions of journalists for publishing leaks of classified information.”
Poynter
Feb. 24, 2017: Trump—Press is “A Great Danger to Our Country”

President Trump, after criticizing the press in a speech before the Conservative Political Action Conference, took to Twitter to call out the press as a “great danger.”

New York Times

Feb. 24, 2017: President Trump Disparaged the Press

In an appearance at the Conservative Political Action Conference, the President continued his attacks against the media.

CNN

Feb. 17, 2017: Trump—Press is “the Enemy of the American People”

Taking to Twitter, President Trump called the news media “the enemy of the American people. SICK” He quickly deleted the tweet and then replaced it with something similar.

New York Times
Feb. 27, 2017: President Bush Defends the Press

On the Today Show, Matt Lauer asked Bush: “Did you ever consider the media to be the enemy of the American people?” The President replied: “I consider the media to be indispensable to democracy. We need an independent media to hold people like me to account. Power can be very addictive. And it can be corrosive. And it’s important for the media to call to account people who abuse their power, whether it be here or elsewhere.” Go to 2:15 of the interview.

Feb. 13, 2017: A Reporter Claims Threat of “Dossier” Used Against Her

A reporter for American Urban Radio Networks claimed that Omarosa Manigault, a communications official in the White House, “physically intimidated” her and asserted that officials had collected negative information about her.

Washington Post
Feb. 6, 2017: President Trump Blames Judge and Media for Any Future Terrorist Attack

The President attacked U.S. District Judge James L. Robart after he temporarily blocked the White House immigration order that denied entry to persons from seven countries with majority Muslim populations. In a speech, Trump also blamed the media.

Washington Post
Jan. 25, 2017: Stephen Bannon Calls News Media the “Opposition Party”

Chief White House strategist Stephen K. Bannon: “The media should be embarrassed and humiliated and keep its mouth shut and just listen for a while.” He called the news media “the opposition party.”

New York Times
Oct. 11, 2016: Guide to Attacks Against the Press

Media Matters provided a thorough list of attacks against news organizations and individual journalists as of Oct. 11, 2016

Media Matters

History & Legal Cases

Jan. 24, 2017: Trump Not the First President to Threaten Press

The Federalist points out that journalists have been hounded in different historical periods. Times were tough under President Adams whose 1798 Sedition Act made publishing anything critical of the government illegal. Theodore Roosevelt tried to sue newspapers for their coverage of the Panama Canal. Other presidents have restricted press access and played favorites with different outlets. So today’s press then seems to be and states “hyperventilating” according to the Federalist and needs some perspective.

The Federalist
July 10, 2006: Those “Nattering Nabobs”

David Remnick of The New Yorker described attacks on the press highlighted by Vice President Spiro Agnew. Remnick wrote: President Nixon “dispatched Agnew to map out a cultural description of another enemy, the op-ed unfriendlies and the network mandarins of what was beginning to be called the media. The views of “this little group of men” who “live and work in the geographical and intellectual confines of Washington, D.C., or New York City,” Agnew noted darkly, “do not represent the views of America.” He inscribed himself in history, and in famous-quotation anthologies, forever, when he said, “In the United States today, we have more than our share of nattering nabobs of negativism. They have formed their own 4-H club—the hopeless, hysterical hypochondriacs of history.”

New Yorker

Dec. 14, 1972: President Richard Nixon Calls Press “the Enemy”

President Nixon, in a taped conversation with national security adviser Henry Kissinger, said: “Never forget. The press is the enemy. The establishment is the enemy. The professors are the enemy. Professors are the enemy. Write that on a blackboard 100 times and never forget it.”

New York Times

Analysis & Opinion

June 2, 2020: Journalists Targeted by Police While Covering Protest

As protests have broken out across the country in response to the killing of George Floyd at the hands of four Minneapolis police officers, journalist covering the protests are being targeted by the police, writes the Editorial Board of the Los Angeles Times.

The Nieman Lab, which covers trends in journalism, reported that journalists had been attacked more than 110 since May 2020, the Board asserts.

LA Times 

March 19, 2020: Trump’s Latest Attack on the Media is More Heinous Than Usual

Trump’s complaints about how unfair the press has been about his coronavirus response is “self-pitying,” opines Washington Post columnist Greg Sargent. Furthermore, Sargent writes, Trump’s use of the phrase “Chinese virus” is a thinly disguised xenophobic attempt to “whip up a nationalistic panic” to divert attention the media’s aggressive reporting on his failure to address the pandemic.

Washington Post

Sept. 23, 2019: The Growing Threat to Journalism Around the World

A.G. Sulzberger, publisher of The New York Times, writes that increased attacks on journalists around the world are because of the “fundamental role they play in ensuring a free and informed society.” Sulzberger calls out President Donald Trump for undermining Americans’ trust in the news media, and encouraging foreign leaders to do the same to their citizens.

NY Times 

Aug. 4, 2018: Simon Tisdall: “Dangerous International Ramifications”

Simon Tisdall writes in The Guardian that President Trump’s war against the media not only threatens the integrity of truth, but gives license to creating an environment of actual danger for journalists all around the world.

The Guardian
Feb. 26, 2017: “A Phrase with a Fraught History”

Andrew Higgins of The New York Times analysis the history of the phrase “enemy of the people.” Higgins wrote: “It is difficult to know if President Trump is aware of the historic resonance of the term, a label generally associated with despotic communist governments rather than democracies.”

New York Times
Feb. 18, 2017: David Remnick on “Enemy of the People”

Remnick wrote: “When the leaders of the Bolshevik movement—Lenin, Stalin, and the rest—used the term vrag naroda, an ‘enemy of the people,’ it was an ominous epithet that encompassed a range of “wreckers” and “socially dangerous elements.”

New Yorker
Nov. 13, 2016: Floyd Abrams on Threats to the Press

The prominent First Amendment lawyer said that President Trump “could lead the public to be so anti-press” that such an attitude could “limit its ability to do its constitutionally protected role.”

Mediate