Trump 2.0: Executive Power and the First Amendment

The White House is seen the day after a presidential election victory was called for former Vice President Joe Biden, in Washington, U.S. November 8, 2020. REUTERS/Erin Scott

By Tim Zick, John Marshall Professor of Government and Citizenship, William & Mary Law School, and author of “The First Amendment in the Trump Era,” which analyzed and explored the dozens of First Amendment controversies that arose during Donald Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign and the first half of his first presidential term.

During his first term in office, President Donald Trump said and did many things that indicated he was less than committed to freedom of the press, disliked protest and dissent, and wanted to engage in retributive action against his political enemies. The warning signs were there, but few anticipated the extent to which Trump 2.0 would or could use the powers of the presidency and the bully pulpit to restrict, suppress, and coerce expression. The wave of executive orders issued during the president’s first 100 days in office includes more than 20 orders threatening the First Amendment rights of law firms, universities, political enemies, scientists, museums, libraries, and broadcasters. The executive orders have been challenged in 30 lawsuits (and counting) – many successfully, at least in the early stages.

This repository of materials, produced with the assistance of Ronald K.L. Collins, serves three general purposes: First, it serves to create a record of the many actions the Trump Administration has taken that threaten First Amendment rights and values. As in other areas, it has been difficult to stay abreast of the incessant Executive Orders, lawsuits, and conflicts between the Administration and its targets. However, it is vitally important that the pace of these actions not prevent the public from archiving and appreciating the breadth and depth of the present threat to the First Amendment.

Second, the repository responds to claims or concerns that what is happening now is just “business as usual” as it pertains to executive action and free expression. After all, every president has run-ins with the press and adopts policies that create First Amendment controversies. The repository, which currently covers only the first 100 days of Trump’s second presidential term, is its own response. In terms of scope and effect, not to mention the frequent and blatant disregard of fundamental First Amendment principles, the Trump Administration’s campaign is unprecedented.

Third, like any repository, this one provides lessons for reacting and responding to threats posed by future presidential administrations. The tactics of the Trump Administration, including heavy reliance on executive orders, threats to cancel federal funding for universities and other institutions, leveraging of alleged employment discrimination and antisemitism allegations, and aggressive deportation actions against foreign students, caught many off guard – as did the degree of anticipatory compliance by many institutions and individuals. The tactics catalogued in this repository highlight the need for new forms of resistance and new understandings of the scope of executive power as it relates to the First Amendment.

Updated April 30, 2025 at 11:30 a.m. ET

Table of Contents First Amendment-Related Executive Orders Lawsuits Challenging Executive Orders, Guidance & Policies Retaliatory Dismissal and Other Employment Lawsuits Lawsuits Filed by Media & Journalists Defamation & Other Civil Lawsuits Filed By Donald Trump Commentary & Analysis

Table of Contents

I. First Amendment-Related Executive Orders

A. Freedom of Speech and Censorship
B. Foreign Terrorism and National Security
C. Law Firms
D. Retribution Against Former Government Officials
E. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
F. Gender and Gender Identity
G. K-12 Education
H. Museums, Libraries, and Public Broadcasting
I. Political Donations
J. University Accreditors

II. First Amendment-Related Litigation

A. Lawsuits Challenging Executive Orders, Guidance, and Policies

1. Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
2. Immigration
3. Educational Funding
4. Law Firms
5. Gender and Gender Identity
6. Data and Scientific Inquiry
7. Libraries and Museums
8. Public Broadcasting

B. Retaliatory Dismissal and Other Employment Lawsuits
C. Lawsuits Filed by Media and Journalists
D. Defamation and Other Civil Lawsuits Filed By Donald Trump

III. Commentary and Analysis

A. Actions Against the Press and Journalists
B. Defamation and Other Civil Lawsuits
C. Broadcast Media
D. Social Media
E. Education

1. DEI Programming and Initiatives
2. Antisemitism Investigations and Demands
3. Academic Freedom
4. K-12 Curriculum

F. Immigration Enforcement

1. International Students
2. Foreign Scholars
3. Immigration Activism

G. Public Employees
H. Private Sector

1. Law Firms
2. Individual Critics and Enemies

I. Transparency, Data, and Information

1. Data, Information, and Scientific Research
2. Museums and Libraries
3. Public Broadcasting
4. Misinformation and Disinformation
5. “DOGE” and Transparency

J. Grants and Funding
K. Protests and Demonstrations

1. Campus Protests
2. Public Protests

L. Governmental Orthodoxy

1. Race and DEI
2. Gender and Gender Identity
3. History and Patriotism

M. Retribution and Chilling Speech
N. Investigations
O. The Bigger Picture
P. Tracking All Trump 2.0 Lawsuit

First Amendment-Related Executive Orders

Freedom of Speech and Censorship

Restoring Freedom of Speech and Ending Federal Censorship (Jan. 20, 2025)

Foreign Terrorism and National Security

Protecting the United States from Foreign Terrorists and Other National Security and Public Safety Threats (Jan. 30, 2025)

Additional Measures to Combat Anti-Semitism (Feb. 3, 2025)

– Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Takes Forceful and Unprecedented Steps to Combat Anti-Semitism

Law Firms

Addressing Risks from Susman Godfrey (Apr. 9, 2025)

– Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Addresses Risks from Susman Godfrey (Apr. 9, 2025)

Addressing Risks From WilmerHale (Mar. 27, 2025)

– Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Addresses Risks from WilmerHale (Mar. 27, 2025)

Addressing Risks from Jenner & Block (Mar. 25, 2025)

– Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Addresses Risks from Jenner & Block (Mar. 25, 2025)

Preventing Abuses of the Legal System and the Federal Courts (Mar. 22, 2025)

– Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Prevents Abuses of the Legal System and the Federal Courts (Mar. 21, 2025)

Addressing Risks From Paul Weiss (Mar. 14, 2025)

– Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Addresses Risks from Paul Weiss (Mar. 14, 2025)

Addressing Risks from Perkins Coie LLP (Mar. 6, 2025)

– Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Addresses Risks from Perkins Coie LLP (Mar. 6, 2025)

Suspension of Security Clearances and Evaluation of Government Contracts (Feb. 25, 2025) (Covington & Burling)

– Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Directs Suspension of Security Clearances and Evaluation of Government Contracts for Involvement in Government Weaponization (Feb. 25, 2025)

Retribution Against Former Officials

Addressing Risks Associated with an Egregious Leaker and Disseminator of Falsehoods (Apr. 9, 2025)

Addressing Risks from Chris Krebs and Government Censorship (Apr. 9, 2025)

– Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Addresses Risks from Chris Krebs and Government Censorship (Apr. 9, 2025)

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

Ending Radical And Wasteful Government DEI Programs And Preferencing (January 20, 2025)

Ending Illegal Discrimination and Restoring Merit-Based Opportunity (Jan. 21, 2025)

– Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Protects Civil Rights and Merit-Based Opportunity by Ending Illegal DEI (Jan. 22, 2025)

Gender and Gender Identity

Defending Women From Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Truth to the Federal Government (Jan. 30, 2025)

– Initial Guidance Regarding President Trump’s Executive Order Defending Women (Jan. 29, 2025)

Prioritizing Military Excellence and Readiness (Jan. 27, 2025)

K-12 Education

Ending Radical Indoctrination in K-12 Schooling (Jan. 29, 2025)

Museums, Libraries, and Public Broadcasting

Restoring Truth and Sanity to American History (Mar. 27, 2025)

– Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Restores Truth and Sanity to American History (Mar. 27, 2025)

The Voice of Radical America (March 15, 2025)

Continuing the Reduction of the Federal Bureaucracy (Mar. 14, 2025)

Electoral Speech

Presidential Memorandum, “Investigation into Unlawful “Straw Donor” and Foreign Contributions in American Elections” (Apr. 24, 2025)

University Accreditors

Reforming Accreditation to Strengthen Higher Education (Apr. 23, 2025)

Lawsuits Challenging Executive Orders, Guidance & Policies

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion

The Sustainability Institute v. Trump (D.S.C., Mar. 26, 2025) (challenge by nonprofits and municipalities to denial of environmental funding based on language in grant documents)

E.K. and S.K. v. Department of Defense Education Activity (E.D. Va., Apr. 15, 2025) (challenge to removal of books from Defense Department schools pursuant to Executive Orders concerning school curriculum)

AAUP – Harvard Chapter v. Department of Justice (D. Mass, Apr. 11, 2025) (challenge to Administration’s threat to federal funding and civil rights enforcement actions)

National Association of Diversity Officers v. Trump (D. Md., Feb. 3, 2025) (challenge to Executive Orders that targe diversity, equity, and inclusion programs)

– Memorandum in Support of Plaintiffs’ Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order and/or A Preliminary Injunction (Feb. 13, 2025)

– Defendants’ Memorandum in Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order and/or Preliminary Injunction (Feb. 18, 2025)

– District Court: Order Granting Preliminary Injunction (Feb. 21, 2025)

– Fourth Circuit: Order Lifting Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 14, 2025)

National Education Association v. US Department of Education (D.N.H., Mar. 21, 2025) (challenge to “Dear Colleague” Letter banning programs that teach about “systemic and structural racism”)

National Urban League v. Trump (D.D.C., Feb. 19, 2025) (challenge to executive order requiring federal grant recipients and contractors to certify that they do not operate DEI programs that violate anti-discrimination laws)

– Memorandum of Law in Support of Plaintiffs’ Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Feb. 28, 2025)

– Defendants’ Memorandum in Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Motion For a Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 12, 2025)

Immigration Enforcement and Advocacy

Pineros Y Campesinos Unidos Del Noroeste (D. Ore., Apr. 28, 2025) (challenge to immigration enforcement in places of worship and schools – religious liberty and freedom of assembly claims)

AAUP v. Rubio (D. Mass., Mar. 25, 2025) (complaint challenging Administration’s enforcement of immigration laws against student protesters)

– Memorandum and Order Granting in Part and Denying in Part Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss (allowing First Amendment claims to proceed) (Apr. 29, 2025)

– Plaintiffs’ Memorandum in Support of Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Apr. 1, 2025)

– Defendants’ Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Apr. 14, 2025)

– Amicus Brief of Presidents’ Alliance On Higher Education and Immigration in Support of Plaintiffs’ Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Apr. 9, 2025)

Chung v. Trump (S.D.N.Y, Mar. 23, 2025) (complaint and habeas petition; challenge to efforts to deport lawful permanent resident for campus political speech)

– Order Granting Temporary Restraining Order (Mar. 25, 2025)

Taal v. Trump (N.D.N.Y, Mar. 15, 2025) (lawsuit by Cornell graduate students and professor challenging enforcement of Executive Order 14161, “Protecting the United States from Foreign Terrorists and Other National Security and Public Safety Threats,” 90 Fed. Reg. 8451 (Jan. 30, 2025), and Executive Order 14188, “Additional Measures to Combat Anti-Semitism,” 90 Fed. Reg. 8451 (Feb. 3, 2025)

– Case Voluntarily Dismissed (Mar. 31, 2025) (Taal left the U.S.)

Khalil v. Joyce (D.N.J. (formerly S.D.N.Y), Mar. 13, 2025) (amended habeas petition and complaint)

– Petitioner’s Amended Memorandum of Law in Support of Motion for Preliminary Injunctive Relief (Mar. 25, 2025)

– Respondents’ Opposition to Petitioner’s Motion for a Preliminary Injunction (Apr. 2, 2025)

– Petitioner’s Reply in Support of Motion for Preliminary Injunctive Relief (Apr. 6, 2025)

– U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s Submission of Document re Allegations Against Khalil (Apr. 9, 2025)

Organized Communities Against Deportations et al v. Benjamine Huffman (Acting Secretary of Homeland Security) et al (N.D. Ill., Jan. 25, 2025) (challenge to sanctuary city guidance) (case now closed)

– Notice of Voluntary Dismissal (Feb. 26, 2025)

Amica Center for Immigrant Rights et al. v. U.S. Department of Justice(D.D.C., Jan. 31, 2025) (challenge to DOJ stop work order affecting advocacy on behalf of undocumented immigrants)

Las Americas Immigrant Advocacy Center v. Noem (D.D.C., Feb. 12, 2025) (challenge by immigration advocacy groups to EO transferring migrants to Guantanamo Bay)

Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, et al. v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security (D. Md., Jan. 27, 2025) (expressive association claim against DHS policy rescinding Biden policy of not conducting immigration enforcement in or near churches and other sensitive places)

– Memorandum in Support of Plaintiffs’ Motion for Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction (Feb. 4, 2025)

– Defendants’ Memorandum in Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Motion for Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction (Feb. 7, 2025)

– Order Granting Preliminary Injunction (Feb. 24, 2025)

Educational Funding

President and Fellows of Harvard College v. United States Dept. of Health and Human Services (D. Mass., Apr. 21, 2025) (challenge to Administration’s threat of denial of funding and list of demands based on allegations of anti-Semitism on campus)

AAUP and American Federation of Teachers v. U.S. Dept. of Justice (S.D.N.Y, Mar. 25, 2025) (challenge to Administration’s threat to withhold $400 million from Columbia and interference with university’s academic operations)

– Plaintiffs’ Memorandum in Support of Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Apr. 3, 2025)

– Brief of Amicus Curiae Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression in Support of Plaintiffs (Apr. 23, 2025)

Law Firms

Susman Godfrey LLP v. Executive Office of the President et al. (D.D.C., Apr. 11, 2025)

– Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order (Apr. 14, 2025)

– Order Granting Temporary Restraining Order (Apr. 15, 2025)

– Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Apr. 23, 2025)

– Defendants’ Memorandum in Support of Motion to Dismiss (Apr. 23, 2025)

Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP v. Executive Office of the President et al. (Mar. 28, 2025)

– Temporary Restraining Order Granted

– Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Motion for Summary Judgment (Apr. 8, 2025)

– Brief of Amici Curiae 676 Law Professors in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Apr. 10, 2025)

– Amicus Brief of 808 Law Firms in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Apr. 11, 2025)

– Defendants’ Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Apr. 17, 2025)

– Plaintiff’s Opposition to Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss (Apr. 17, 2025)

Jenner & Block v. U.S. Department of Justice (D.D.C., Mar. 28, 2025) (challenge to EO targeting Jenner & Block)

– Temporary Restraining Order Granted (Mar. 28, 2025)

– Jenner & Block’s Memorandum in Support of Summary Judgment and Permanent Injunction (Apr. 8, 2025)

– Defendants’ Memorandum in Support of Motion to Dismiss (Apr. 8, 2025)

– Amicus Brief of 676 Law Professors in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion fo Summary Judgment (Apr. 10, 2025)

– Amicus Brief of 807 Law Firms in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Apr. 11, 2025)

– Plaintiff Jenner & Block LLP’s Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss (Apr. 17, 2025)

– Defendants’ Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Apr. 17, 2025)

Perkins Coie LLP v. Department of Justice (D.D.C., Mar. 11, 2025) (challenge to EO Re Perkins Coie security clearances and government work)

– Temporary Restraining Order Granted

– Memorandum of Law in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Apr. 2, 2025)

– Defendants’ Memorandum in Support of Motion to Dismiss and for Expedited Judgment (Apr. 2, 2025)

– ACLU Amicus Brief in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Apr. 3, 2025)

– Law Professors’ Amicus Brief in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Apr. 3, 2025)

– Law Firms’ Amicus Brief in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Apr. 4, 2025)

Gender and Gender Identity

Shilling v. Trump (W.D. Wash., Feb. 6, 2025) (challenge to EO banning transgender individuals from enlisting and serving in the military)

– Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Feb. 19, 2025)

– Plaintiff’s Supplemental Brief in Support of Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 4, 2025)

– Defendants’ Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 14, 2025)

– Order Granting Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 27, 2025)

PFLAG, Inc. v. Trump (D. Md., Feb. 4, 2025) (challenge to EO restricting gender-affirming care to individuals under 19 and banning federal funding recipients from promoting “gender ideology”)

– Order Granting Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 4, 2025)

San Francisco AIDS Foundation et al v. Trump (D.D.C., Feb. 7, 2025) (challenge to EO to defend women from “gender ideology extremism”)

– Plaintiffs’ Motion for Preliminary Injunction and Memorandum of Points and Authorities (Mar. 3, 2025)

Chicago Women in Trades v. Trump (N.D. Ill., Feb. 20, 2025) (challenge to EO to defend women from “gender ideology extremism”)

– Memorandum in Support of Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 5, 2025)

– Defendants’ Memorandum in Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for Temporary Restraining Order and Plaintiff’s Motion For a Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 24, 2025)

– Order Granting Temporary Restraining Order (Mar. 27, 2025)

– Order Granting Preliminary Injunction (Apr. 15, 2025)

Orr v. Trump (D. Mass., Feb. 7, 2025) (challenge to EO which restricts sex designation on US passports to male or female)

– Memorandum of Law in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion to Stay Agency Action and For a Preliminary Injunction (Feb. 18, 2025)

– Defendants’ Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion to Stay Agency Action and For Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 12, 2025)

– Memorandum and Order on Plaintiff’s Motion to Stay Agency Action and For Preliminary Injunction (Apr. 18, 2025)

Data and Scientific Research

Schiff, et al, v. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, et al, (D.D.C., Mar. 12, 2025) (challenge by physicians to removal of scientific papers on the basis that they include gender and LGBTQ information from federal agency health websites, enforcing Executive Order 14168, “Defending Women from Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Truth to the Federal Government.”)

– Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Apr. 1, 2025)

– Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Apr. 14, 2025)

Northeast Organic Farming Association of New York v. U.S. Department of Agriculture (S.D.N.Y., Feb. 24, 2025) (challenge brought by farmers, gardeners, and consumers under the APA and FOIA to Department of Agriculture’s removal of climate change-related data from many of its websites)

– Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Motion for a Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 17, 2025)

– Defendant’s Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion For a Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 31, 2025)

Libraries and Museums

State of Rhode Island v. Trump (D.R.I, Apr. 4, 2025) (challenge to Exec. Order No. 14,238, “Continuing the Reduction of the Federal Bureaucracy,” § 2(a) (Mar. 14, 2025, in part based on denial of library funding).

– Request for Emergency Temporary Restraining Order (Apr. 4, 2025)

– Defendants’ Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Motion for An Emergency Temporary Restraining Order (Apr. 14, 2025)

Public Broadcasting

Radio Free Europe v. Lake (D.D.C., Mar. 18, 2025) (challenge to funding restrictions under EO eliminating non-mandatory functions of seven federal agencies, including the United States Agency for Global Media (USAGM))

– Memorandum and Order Granting TRO (Apr. 29, 2025)

– Plaintiff‘s Memorandum in Support of Its Motion For a Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 19, 2025)

– Defendant’s Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion For a Temporary Restraining Order (Mar. 21, 2025)

– Order Granting Temporary Restraining Order (Mar. 25, 2025)

Widakuswara v. Lake (S.D.N.Y., Mar. 21, 2025) (challenge by journalists, a director at USAGM, Reporters without Borders, and numerous unions representing federal employees, journalists, and foreign service workers to EO defunding Voice of America) [Note: case has been transferred to D.D.C.]
– Memorandum of Law in Support of Plaintiffs’ Motion For a Temporary Restraining Order and a Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 24, 2025)

– Defendants’ Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Motion For a Temporary Restraining Order (Mar. 27, 2025)

– Order Granting Temporary Restraining Order (Mar. 28, 2025)

Abramowitz v. Lake (D.D.C., Mar. 26, 2025) (challenge to EO effectively shutting down Voice of America)

– Memorandum of Law In Support of Plaintiffs’ Motions for Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 26, 2025)

– Defendants’ Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Motion for Preliminary Relief (Mar. 28, 2025)

– Amicus Brief of Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press and Committee to Protect Journalists (Mar. 28, 2025)

– Order Granting Preliminary Injunction (Apr. 22, 2025)

Retaliatory Dismissal and Other Employment Lawsuits

John and Jane Does 1-9 v. Department of Justice (D.D.C., Feb. 4, 2025) (retaliatory dismissals)

– Memorandum in Support of Plaintiffs’ Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Feb. 24, 2025)

– Defendants’ Opposition to Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 14, 2025)

Federal Bureau of Investigation v. U.S. Dept. of Justice (D.D.C., Feb. 4, 2025) (disclosure of FBI agents’ identities) [consolidated with John and Jane Doe case and TRO granted concerning release of identities of agents]

Doe 1 v. Office of the Director of National Intelligence (E.D. Va., Feb. 17, 2025) (challenge to DEI Executive Order)

– Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 27, 2025)

– Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Renewed Motion For a Preliminary Injunction (Mar 31, 2025)

– Order Granting Preliminary Injunction in Part (Mar. 31, 2025)

Lawsuits Filed by Media & Journalists

The Associated Press v. Budowich (D.D.C., Feb. 21, 2025) (challenge to AP exclusion from White House events)

– Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 3, 2025)

– Defendants’ Opposition to Motion for PI (Mar. 11, 2025)

– Amicus Brief of First Amendment Scholars in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for PI (Mar. 26, 2025)

– Amicus Brief of White House Correspondents’ Association in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for TRO or Preliminary Injunction (Feb. 24, 2025)

– Amicus Brief of Knight First Amendment Institute in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Mar. 7, 2025)

– Order Granting Preliminary Injunction (Apr. 8, 2025)

– Plaintiff’s Combined Motion to Enforce Preliminary Injunction and Memorandum of Law in Support Thereof (Apr. 16, 2025)

– Opposition to Motion to Enforce (Apr. 17, 2025)

Defamation & Other Civil Lawsuits Filed By Donald Trump

Trump v. CBS Broadcasting Inc. (N.D. Tex., Oct. 31, 2024) (“60 Minutes” civil suit)

– Defendants’ Memorandum in Support of Motion to Dismiss (Mar. 6, 2025)

Trump v. Selzer (S.D. Iowa, Dec. 16, 2024) (pollster civil lawsuit)

– Defendants’ Des Moines Register and Gannett’s Motion to Dismiss (Feb. 24, 2025)

– Defendant J. Ann Selzer and Selzer & Company’s Motion to Dismiss (Feb. 24, 2025)

– Plaintiff’s Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Des Moines Register and Gannett’s Motion to Dismiss (Apr. 3, 2025)

– Plaintiff’s Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Ann Selzer and Selzer & Company’s Motion to Dismiss (Apr. 3, 2025)

– Defendants J. Ann Selzer and Selzer & Company’s Reply Brief in Support of Their Motion to Dismiss (Apr. 16, 2025)

Commentary & Analysis

Actions Against the Press and Journalists

Liam Scott, “Trump’s Administration Leading Brazen Attacks on First Amendment Freedoms,” Daily Beast (Apr. 25, 2025)

Devlin Barrett and Glenn Thrush, “Justice Dept. Policy Now Allows Pursuit of Reporters’ Records in Leak Inquiries,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 25, 2025)

Minho Kim, “Judge Rejects A.P.’s Challenge to New White House Press Policy, for Now,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 18, 2025)

Tim Balk, “The A.P. Says White House Is Defying Court Order to Restore Its Access,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 16, 2025)

Michael M. Grynbaum and Katie Robertson, “White House Ends a Regular Reporting Slot for Independent Newswires,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 15, 2025)

Ali Bianco, “White House shakes up press pool in apparent nod to court ruling,” Politico (Apr. 15, 2025)

Devan Cole, “Federal judge says White House’s punishment of Associated Press is unconstitutional,” CNN (Apr. 8, 2025)

Jane E. Kirtley, “We must fight back against the Trump administration’s attacks on free speech,” Minnesota Star Tribune (Apr. 3, 2025)

Julie Pace, The AP’s Freedom of Speech—and Yours, Wall Street Journal (Mar. 26, 2025)

The Daily (Podcast), “Nixon Dreamed of Breaking the Media. Trump Is Doing It.” N.Y. Times (Mar. 25, 2025)

Knight First Amendment Institute, “Knight Institute Urges Court to Restore AP to White House Press Pool” (Mar. 7, 2025)

Martin Baron, “Where Jeff Bezos Went Wrong With The Washington Post,” The Atlantic (Mar. 3, 2025)

David Enrich, “Can the Media’s Right to Pursue the Powerful Survive Trump’s Second Term?,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 3, 2025)

David Enrich, “Trump and the Press,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 3, 2025)

David Enrich and Minho Kim, “Voice of America Journalists Face Investigations for Trump Comments,” N.Y. Times (Feb. 28, 2025)

Jonathan Lemire, “Why It Matters Who Asks the Questions,” The Atlantic (Feb. 28, 2025)

Ben Johansen, “White House Correspondents’ Association cedes control of pool reports to Trump administration,” Politico (Feb. 26, 2025)

Michael D. Shear, “What Is the White House Press Pool, and Why Is Trump Seizing Control of It?,” N.Y. Times (Feb. 26, 2025)

Michael M. Grynbaum, “White House Moves to Pick the Pool Reporters Who Cover Trump,” N.Y. Times (Feb. 25, 2025)

James Gerstenzang, “I’ve Seen Presidents Clash With the Press. This Is Different.”, N.Y. Times (Feb. 25, 2025)

Devan Cole and Hadas Gold, “Federal judge declines to temporarily restore AP’s full access to White House,” CNN (Feb. 24, 2025)

Zach Montague, “Judge Declines to Immediately Restore A.P.’s Access to Trump Events,” N.Y. Times (Feb. 24, 2025)

Joseph A. Wulfsohn, “FBI Director Kash Patel tells media ‘bring it on’ in stern message after being sworn into office,” Fox News (Feb. 21, 2025)

David Bauder, “AP sues 3 Trump administration officials, citing freedom of speech,” Associated Press (Feb. 21, 2025)

Mark Hertsgaard and Kyle Pope, “The First Amendment vs. the Wannabe King,” The Nation (Feb. 20, 2025)

Katie Robertson, “Fox News, CNN and Other News Outlets Urge White House to Drop Ban on The A.P.,” New York Times (Feb. 20, 2025)

Reporters Committee For Freedom of the Press letter to WH chief of staff re AP Denial of Access (Feb. 17, 2025)

Rex Huppke, “Trump bans AP and words he doesn’t like. ‘Free speech’ was never about First Amendment,” USA Today (Feb. 16)

Eugene Volokh, “May Officials Exclude Journalists from Press Events Based on Disapproval of Journalists’ Speech?”, The Volokh Conspiracy (Feb. 16, 2025)

Eugene Volokh, “It Is a Fact That the Body of Water … Is Called the Gulf of America”?, The Volokh Conspiracy (Feb. 15, 2025)

David Bauder, “AP reporter and photographer barred from Air Force One over ‘Gulf of Mexico’ terminology dispute,” Associated Press (Feb. 15, 2025)

Aaron Terr, “White House barring AP from press events violates the First Amendment,” FIRE (Feb. 14, 2025)

David Bauder, “White House says it has the right to punish AP reporters over Gulf naming dispute,” Free Speech Center (Feb. 13)

Trevor Timm, “Legendary First Amendment lawyer urges press to fight Trump’s attacks,” Freedom of the Press Foundation (Feb. 12)

Laurie Kellman, “The relationship between the White House and its press corps is time-tested — and can be contentious,” Associated Press (Feb.

12, 2025)

David Bauder, “White House says it has the right to punish AP reporters over Gulf naming dispute,” Associated Press (Feb. 12, 2025)

FIRE statement on White House denying AP Oval Office access (Feb. 11, 2025)

Ken Bensinger, “How Elon Musk and the Right Are Trying to Recast Reporting as ‘Doxxing’”, N.Y. Times (Feb.12, 2025)

Katie Robertson & Maggie Haberman, “A.P. Accuses White House of Violating First Amendment,” N.Y. Times (Feb. 12, 2025)

Katie Robertson, “White House Bars Reporter From Event Over A.P.’s Use of ‘Gulf of Mexico’”, N.Y. Times (Feb. 11, 2025)

Ted Johnson, Donald Trump and Elon Musk, Who Have Claimed To Be Restoring Free Speech, Call For Media Figures To Be Fired, “Yahoo” News (Feb. 7, 2025)

Katie Robertson, “Trump and Musk Attack Journalists by Name in Social Media Posts,” N.Y. Times (Feb. 7, 2025)

“Groups demand U.S. attorney for D.C. respect First Amendment,” Freedom of the Press Foundation (Feb. 5, 2025)

Katie Robertson, “Trump Administration to Remove 4 Major News Outlets From Pentagon Office Space,” N.Y. Times (Feb. 1, 2025)

Ian Bassin & Maximillian Potter, “On anticipatory obedience and the media,” Columbia Journalism Review (Oct. 8, 2024)

Adam Devitt, “How Will the Fourth Estate Approach Trump’s Second Term?,” New York University (Jan. 14, 2025)

David Rutenberg, “Trump’s Blueprint for Bending the Media Has Nixon Written All Over It,” N.Y. Times (Feb. 9, 2025)

Top Trump donor wants SCOTUS to reverse press protection | The New Republic (Feb. 7, 2025)

David Firestone, “There’s Still Time for the Senate to Support the First Amendment,” N.Y. Times (Dec. 19, 2024)

Defamation and Other Civil Lawsuits

Lauren Hirsch and Banjamin Mullin, “Trump and Paramount Agree on Mediator in ‘60 Minutes’ Lawsuit,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 7, 2025)

Katie Robertson and David Enrich, “Top Trump Campaign Aide Sues The Daily Beast for Defamation,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 24, 2025)

Robert McCoy, “The Right Is Hell-Bent on Weaponizing Libel Law,” The New Republic (Mar. 11, 2025)

Benjamin Mullin and Lauren Hirsch, “Shari Redstone Wants a Resolution on Trump Lawsuit Ahead of Skydance Deal,” N. Y. Times (Feb. 28, 2025)

Willis Ryder Arnold and Deborah Becker, ‘A clear attempt to intimidate the press,’ wbur (radio interview) (Feb. 26, 2025)

Peter Kafka, “How Donald Trump could change free speech as we know it,” Business Insider (Feb. 26, 2025)

Jack Nicas, “Trump Media Group Sues Brazilian Judge Weighing Arrest of Jair Bolsonaro,” N.Y. Times (Feb. 19, 2025)

Jessica Toonkel, “Paramount Executives Ask: Could They Be Sued for Settling Trump’s $20 Billion CBS Lawsuit?”, Wall Street Journal (Feb. 14, 2025)

Trevor Timm, “Legendary First Amendment lawyer begs press to fight Trump’s attacks,” Freedom of the Press Foundation (Feb. 12, 2025)

“Trump amends CBS ‘60 Minutes’ lawsuit and demands $20 billion” | Los Angeles Times (Feb. 8, 2025)

Kerry Flynn, Trump’s defamation and media litigation spikes, “Axios” (Feb. 8, 2025)

David Enrich, Trump’s New Line of Attack Against the Media Gains Momentum, “N.Y. Times” (Feb. 7, 2025)

Alexandria Stegrad, Trump slams CBS over Kamala Harris ‘60 Minutes’ interview transcript, says network should be shut down: ‘Scandal!’, “New York Post” (Feb. 6, 2025)

Seth Stern, Trump is using settlements to extract bribes. Judges can step in to stop it, “Freedom of the Press Foundation” (Feb. 6, 2025)

Ronnie London, Paramount Shouldn’t Fold to Trump, “Reason” (Feb. 4, 2025)

Jameel Jaffer, This Is Not a Moment to Settle With Trump, “N.Y. Times” (Feb. 4, 2025)

Will Creeley, Media outlets must not cave to Trump’s lawfare, “FIRE” (Feb. 4, 2025)

“No apology over Trump lawsuit, ‘60 Minutes’ top producer says” | The New York Times (Feb. 3, 2025)

Joseph A. Wulfsohn , Brooke Singman, “Trump scores big legal win against Pulitzer Prize board members as lawsuit moves to discovery,” Fox News (Feb. 3, 2025)

Lauren Hirsh, James B. Stewart & Michael M. Grynbaum, Paramount in Settlement Talks With Trump Over ‘60 Minutes’ Lawsuit, “N.Y. Times” (Jan. 30, 2025)

Andy Craig, The free speech crisis hiding in plain sight, “MSNBC” (Jan. 28, 2025)

Guha Krishnamurthi, Reverse Payments and Political Corruption, “Dorf on Law” (Jan. 28, 2025)

Peter Charalambous, “Trump seeks presidential immunity from any civil lawsuit filed against him in state court,” ABC News (Jan. 27, 2025)

David Enrich, Trump’s Suit Against the Pulitzer Board Faces a Hurdle: His Previous Arguments, “N.Y. Times” (Jan. 27, 2025)

Adrienne LaFrance, Capitulation Is Contagious, “The Atlantic” (Jan. 23, 2025)

James C. Goodale, “Will the Press Fight Like Tigers Against Trump?,” Columbia Journalism Review (Jan. 17, 2025)

Jonathan Chait, Trump Has Found the Media’s Biggest Vulnerability, “The Atlantic” (Dec. 18, 2024)

Ronald Collins, ‘The lawsuit is the punishment’: Reflections on Trump v. Seltzer, “First Amendment News” (Jan. 16, 2025)

Michael C. Dorf, Trump’s Absurd Iowa Polling Lawsuit, “Dorf on Law” (Dec. 18, 2024)

“ABC News to pay $15 million to settle Trump defamation suit” | The Wall Street Journal (Dec. 14, 2024)

Rebecca Robertson, Judge Rejects Bid to Dismiss Trump Libel Suit Against Pulitzer Board, N.Y. Times (Jul. 21, 2024)

Broadcast Media

Robert Corn-Revere, “Brendan Carr’s Bizarro World FCC,” The Dispatch (Apr. 30, 2025)

Benjamin Mullin, Lauren Hirsch and Michael Greenbaum, “Paramount Board Clears Possible Path for Settling Trump’s ‘60 Minutes’ Lawsuit,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 29, 2025)

Michael M. Grynbaum and Benjamim Mullin, “60 Minutes’ Chastises Its Corporate Parent in Unusual On-Air Rebuke, N.Y. Times (Apr. 27, 2025)

Michael M. Grynbaum and Benjamin Mullin, “‘60 Minutes’ Chief Resigns in Emotional Meeting: ‘The Company Is Done With Me’”, N.Y. Times (Apr. 22, 2025)

FIRE, Comments on FCC ‘Delete, Delete, Delete’ (April 11, 2025)

Ted Johnson, “Donald Trump Again Lashes Out At CBS And ‘60 Minutes’ And Urges FCC Chair To ‘Impose The Maximum Fines And Punishment’”, Yahoo News (Apr. 13, 2025)

Ed Mazza, “Trump Has A ‘Maximum’ Meltdown On Social Media After Hate-Watching ‘60 Minutes’”, Huffington Post (Apr. 14, 2025)

Cecilia Kang, “F.C.C. Chairman Orders Inquiry Into Disney’s D.E.I. Practices,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 28, 2025)

Taylor Telford, “FCC chair threatens to block mergers of media companies engaged in DEI,” Wash. Post (Mar, 21, 2025)

Taylor Herzlich, “FCC’s Brendan Carr warns DEI policies at Paramount, Verizon could threaten mergers,” N.Y. Post (Mar. 21, 2025)

Grayson Logue, “The FCC Targets Broadcasters,” The Dispatch (Feb. 25, 2025)

Adam Gabbatt, “‘A true free-speech emergency’: alarm over Trump’s ‘chilling’ attacks on media,” The Guardian (Feb. 24, 2025)

Request for Public Comment Regarding Technology Platform Censorship, FTC (Feb. 20, 2025)

Ross A. Lincoln, “3 Former FCC Bosses Condemn New Chairman’s Attacks on Press: ‘If We Lose the First Amendment We’ve Lost Everything’,” The Wrap (Feb. 18, 2025)

Jennifer L. Richter, Douglas I. Brandon, Steven A. Rowings, Virginia Hiner Antypas, Joseph S. Calascione, and Sharanya Sriram, “President Trump’s Executive Order Takes Aim at Social Media, Broadcasters,” Akin (Feb. 18, 2025)

Craig Aaron, “Free Speech Is Under Attack. Here’s What I Want Congress to Know,” Free Press (Feb. 14, 2025)

Wes Davis, Trump’s MAGA enforcer is having ‘the time of his life’, The Daily Beast (Feb. 11, 2025) | The Daily Beast

Clara Harter, FCC investigating San Francisco radio station that shared location of undercover ICE agents, “L.A. Times” (Feb. 6, 2025)

FCC to investigate Comcast for having DEI programs | The Verge (Feb. 11, 2025)

The FCC is investigating NPR and PBS | The Verge (Jan. 3, 2025)

Nilay Patel, The FCC is a weapon in Trump’s war on free speech, “The Verge” (Feb. 13, 2025)

Cynthia Littleton, FCC Chief Brendan Carr Says Trump ‘Has Been Right’ on Media Bias Claims Amid CBS Probe; Anna Gomez Decries ‘Chilling Effect’ and ‘Weaponization’ of Agency, “Variety” (Feb. 7, 2025)

Brian Steinberg, Donald Trump Calls for ‘60 Minutes’ to Be ‘Terminated’ Amid Lawsuit Over Kamala Harris Interview, Claims ‘CBS Should Lose Its License’, Variety (Feb. 6, 2025)

Robert Corn-Revere, A Plea for Institutional Modesty, “Columbia Journalism Review” (Feb. 6, 2025)

Ted Johnson, FCC Chairman Who Revived ‘60 Minutes’ Inquiry Once Said Newsroom Decisions “Should Be Beyond The Reach Of Any Government Official”, “Deadline” (Feb. 3, 2025)

Pema Levy, Trump’s FCC Pick Wants to Intimidate Broadcasters and Enrich Trump Allies, “Mother Jones” (Nov. 18, 2024)

Benjamin Mullin, F.C.C. Releases ‘60 Minutes’ Interview With Kamala Harris, “N.Y. Times” (Feb. 5, 2025)

Robert Davis, Colorado public media outlets express concern at Trump’s FCC investigation threat, “Colorado Sun” (Feb. 4, 2025)

Benjamin Mullin & Kate Conger, NPR and PBS Stations Brace for Funding Battle Under Trump, “N.Y. Times” (Dec. 27, 2024)

Social Media

Elon Musk’s X to pay about $10 million to settle Trump lawsuit over account suspension, “CNBC” (Feb. 12, 2025)

Mike Masnick, Musk Shows Us What Actual Government Censorship On Social Media Looks Like, “tech dirt” (Feb. 3, 2025)

Bobby Allyn, Meta agrees to pay Trump $25 million to settle lawsuit over Facebook and Instagram suspensions, “National Public Radio” (Jan. 29. 2025)

Alex Abdo, A Free Speech View on the “Free Speech” Executive Order, “Knight First Amendment Institute” (Jan. 21, 2025)

Kevin Rector, Trump talks “free speech” while moving to muzzle those he disagrees with, “L.A. Times” (Jan. 26, 2025)

Lo Dodds, “‘He is world’s leading free speech hypocrite’: Elon Musk’s battle with Wikipedia is part of his war on truth,” Independent (Jan. 24, 2025)

Xiangnong (George) Wang, President Trump’s Attempt to “Save” TikTok Is A Power-Grab That Subverts Free Speech, “Knight First Amendment Institute” (Jan. 21, 2025)

Alan Z. Rozenshtein, Trump’s TikTok Executive Order and the Limits of Executive Non-Enforcement, “Lawfare” (Jan. 21, 2025)

Hadas Gold & Liam Reilly, Disinformation experts blast Trump’s executive order on government censorship as ‘direct assault on reality’, “CNN” (Jan. 23, 2025)

Robby Soave, Disinformation Experts Hate Trump’s Free Speech Executive Order, “Reason” (Jan. 23, 2025)

Education

DEI Programming and Initiatives

Sarah Mervosh, “19 States Sue the Trump Administration Over Its D.E.I. Demand in Schools,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 26, 2025)

Sharelle Burt, “Candace Owens’ Has A Come-To-Jesus Moment Calling Out Trump For Attacks On Free Speech,” Black Enterprise (Apr. 25, 2025)

Johanna Alonso, “A Historical View of Trump’s Anti-DEI Crusade,” Inside Higher Ed. (Mar. 25, 2025)

“Facing Anti-DEI Investigations, Colleges Cut Ties With Nonprofit Targeted by Conservatives,” First Amendment Watch (March 21)

Genevieve Lakier, “Chilling effects, Trump’s Anti-DEI Executive Orders, and the Role of the Courts (or why the Fourth Circuit Decision in National Association of Diversity Officers v. Trump is wrong),” Balkinization (Mar. 19, 2025)

Sara Weissman, “Colleges Flag Words Like ‘Women’ to Comply With DEI Bans,” Inside Higher Ed (Mar. 17, 2025)

Katherine Knott, “Appeals Court Overturns Block on Parts of Trump’s DEI Orders,” Inside Higher Ed (Mar. 17, 2025)

Chris Cameron, “Appeals Court Lets Trump’s Diversity Crackdown Proceed,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 14, 2025)

Michael C. Dorf, “Can Universities Escape Trump’s Wrath Through Appeasement?,” Dorf on Law (Mar. 13, 2025)

David Cole, “Profiles in Self-Censorship,” The New York Review (Mar. 10, 2025)

David French, “The MAGA Culture War Comes for Georgetown Law,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 9, 2025)

Dahlia Lithwick and Mark Joseph Stern, “Georgetown Law Just Showed Exactly How to Fight Trump’s Lawless Anti-DEI Crusade,” Slate (Mar. 7, 2025)

Eugene Volokh, May Government Refuse to Hire Notre Dame Students, Because Notre Dame Teaches and Promotes Anti-Abortion Ideology?, Volokh Conspiracy (Mar. 7, 2025)

Jessica Blake, “Contract Cuts at Columbia Raise Concerns,” Inside Higher Ed (Mar. 7, 2025)

Dean William Treanor (GULC) Response to Interim U.S. Attorney Ed Martin (Mar. 6, 2025)

Eugene Volokh, “ACLU on Campus Free Speech,” Volokh Conspiracy (Mar. 6, 2025)

Stephanie Saul, “As Trump Goes After Universities, Students Are Now on the Chopping Block,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 6, 2025)

Spencer Hsu and Dan Rosenzweig-Ziff, “D.C. U.S. attorney tells Georgetown he won’t hire from any school with ‘DEI’”, Wash. Post (Mar. 5, 2025)

Sara Weissman, “What Does the Education Department’s DEI Guidance Really Mean?”, Inside Higher Ed. (Mar. 4, 2025)

ACLU Open Letter to U.S. College and University Presidents (Mar 4, 2025)

Katherine Knott, “ED Shares More Details About DEI Guidance,” Inside Higher Ed (Mar. 3, 2025)

Liam Knox and Sara Weissman, “Wary Colleges Scramble to Meet DEI Deadline,” Inside Higher Ed (Feb. 28, 2025)

Ryan Quinn, “Trump Is Targeting DEI in Higher Ed. But What Does He Mean?”, Inside Higher Ed (Feb. 27, 2025)

Jessica Blake, “Teachers’ Union Sues to Block DEI Guidance,” Inside Higher Ed (Feb. 26, 2025)

Michael Dorf, “Wait, Can He Actually Do That? Part 7: The Valentine’s Day ‘Dear Colleague’ Letter,” Dorf on Law (Feb. 25, 2025)

Colin Kalmbacher, “‘Textbook viewpoint-based discrimination’: Judge says Trump’s anti-DEI orders violate First Amendment and are ‘unconstitutionally vague’ — issues nationwide injunction,” Law & Crime (Feb. 22, 2025)

“Trump Administration Updates: Judge Blocks Trump’s D.E.I. Crackdown,” N. Y. Times (Feb. 21, 2025)

National Federation of Teachers v. Department of Education (challenge to “Dear Colleague” Letter dated Feb. 14, 2025)

Zane McNeill, “Pentagon Schools Pull JD Vance’s Memoir Amid Trump-Era Book Purge,” Truthout (Feb. 20, 2025)

Liam Knox, “Education Department: DEI Violates Civil Rights Law,” Inside Higher Ed (Feb. 15, 2025)

U.S. Department of Education, “Dear Colleague” Letter (Feb. 14, 2025)

Michelle Goldberg, “Trump Wants to Destroy All Academia, Not Just the Woke Parts,” N.Y. Times (Feb. 14, 2025)

Sharon Otterman, Anemona Hartocollis and Dana Goldstein, “Some Schools Act After Trump’s D.E.I. Orders. Others Say They’ll Resist.,” N.Y. Times (Feb. 13, 2025)

American Educational Association, “AHA–OAH Statement on Executive Order ‘Ending Radical Indoctrination in K–12 Schooling’” (Feb. 5, 2025)

National Association of Diversity Officers in Higher Education v. Trump (D. Md.) (Feb. 3, 2025)

Chris Marr, “DEI Officers Claim Trump Orders Threaten Free Speech in New Suit,” Bloomberg Law (Feb. 3, 2025)

Collin Binkley & Zeke Miller, “Trump’s orders take aim at critical race theory and antisemitism on college campuses,” Associated Press (Jan. 30, 2025)

Antisemitism Investigations and Demands

Anemona Hartocollis and Vimal Patel, “Harvard Promises Changes After Reports on Antisemitism and Islamophobia,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 29, 2025)

Michelle Goldberg, “I Can’t Believe Anyone Thinks Trump Actually Cares About Antisemitism,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 28, 2025)

FIRE, “Trump administration’s coercion at Columbia is unlawful and unconstitutional” (Apr. 23, 2025)

Alan Blinder and Michael C. Bender, “Harvard Plans to Use Trump’s Haste Against Him as It Fights Funding Cut,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 22, 2025)

Alan Blinder and Stephanie Saul, “Can Harvard Withstand Trump’s Financial Attack?,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 22, 2025)

Rob Copeland, Maureen Farrell and Michael S. Schmidt, “As Harvard Is Hailed a Hero, Some Donors Still Want It to Strike a Deal,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 22, 2025)

Office of the President, Harvard University, “Upholding Our Values, Defending Our University” (Apr. 21, 2025)

Stephaine Saul, “Harvard Sues Trump Administration Over Threats to Cut Funding,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 21, 2025)

Karoun Demirjian, “Trump Administration Demands Harvard Records on Foreign Funds and Students,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 18, 2025)

Jonah E. Bromwich, Alan Blinder and Sarah Mervosh, “In Trump Attack on Harvard, Punishment Before Proof,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 18, 2025)

Michael S. Schmidt and Michael C. Bender, “Trump Officials Blame Mistake for Setting Off Confrontation With Harvard,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 18, 2025)

Taylor Romine, Nouran Salahieh, Hanna Park and Andy Rose, “DHS threatens to revoke Harvard’s eligibility to host foreign students amid broader battle over universities’ autonomy,” CNN (Apr. 17, 2025)

Michael C. Dorf, “Wait, Can He Actually Do That? Part 15: Trump’s Threat to Revoke Harvard’s Tax-Exempt Status,” Dorf on Law (Apr. 17, 2025)

Zachary B. Wolf, “Can the president revoke a university’s tax-exempt status?,” CNN (Apr. 16, 2025)

Andrew Duehren and Maggie Haberman, “I.R.S. Is Said to Be Considering Whether to Revoke Harvard’s Tax-Exempt Status,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 16, 2025)

Evan Mandery, “Opinion | Trump’s Attack on Harvard Is Ridiculous. But It Still Needs to Change.,” Politico (Apr. 16, 2025)

Troy Closson, “Columbia Vows to Reject Any Trump Deal That Erodes Its Independence,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 15, 2025)

Tyler Pager, Andrew Duehren, Maggie Haberman and Jonathan Swan, “Trump Threatens Harvard’s Tax Status, Escalating Billion-Dollar Pressure Campaign,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 15, 2025)

Alan Blinder, Anemona Hartocollis, Vimal Patel and Stephanie Saul, “Why Harvard Decided to Fight Trump,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 15, 2025)

Rebecca Beitsch, “Jewish groups condemn ‘false choice’ as Trump targets universities, students,” The Hill (Apr. 15, 2025)

Amanda Friedman, “Obama praises Harvard after the Trump administration pulls billions in funding,” Politico (Apr. 15, 2025)

MSNBC, ‘Page straight out of authoritarian playbooks’: Harvard Law Professor slams Trump” (Apr. 15, 2025) (Broadcast)

Elizabeth Bumiller, “Harvard’s Decision to Resist Trump Is ‘of Momentous Significance’,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 15, 2025)

Thomas Chatterton Williams, “Trump’s Harvard Whiplash,” The Atlantic (Apr. 15, 2025)

Michael C. Bender, Alan Blinder and Jonathan Swan, “Inside Trump’s Pressure Campaign on Universities,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 14, 2025)

Vimal Patel, “Harvard Says It Will Not Comply With Trump Administration’s Demands,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 14, 2025)

M. Gessen, “This Is How Universities Can Escape Trump’s Trap, If They Dare,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 14, 2025)

Edgar Sandoval, “Harvard Professors Sue Trump Administration Over Threat to Cut Funding,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 12, 2025)

Harvard Response to HHS, GSA, and DOE Letter (Apr. 14, 2025)

HHS, GSA, and DOE Letter to Harvard (Apr. 11, 2025)

Alan Blinder, “Trump Has Targeted These Universities. Why?,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 9, 2025)

Kanishka Sing, “Harvard plans to borrow $750 million after federal funding threats,” Reuters (Apr. 8, 2025)

Michael C. Bender and Sheryl Gay Stolberg, “Trump Officials Freeze $1 Billion for Cornell and $790 Million for Northwestern,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 8, 2025)

Shawn A. Boehmer and Jack B. Reardon, “Cambridge City Council Calls on Harvard, President Garber to Resist Trump’s Threats,” The Harvard Crimson (Apr. 7, 2025)

Eugene Volokh, “The Trump Administration’s Unconstitutional Hate Mail to Harvard,” by Prof. Genevieve Lakier (Chicago),” Volokh Conspiracy (Apr. 6, 2025)

Jessica Blake, “Trump Presents Harvard With an Ultimatum for Federal Funds,” Inside Higher Ed (Apr. 4, 2025)

Vimal Patel, “Obama Calls for Universities to Stand Up for Core Values,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 4, 2025)

HHS, GSA and DOE Letter to Harvard University (Apr. 3, 2025)

Lawrence H. Summers, “If Powerful Places Like Harvard Don’t Stand Up to Trump, Who Can?,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 3, 2025)

Michael C. Bender and Stephanie Saul, “Trump Administration Sends Harvard a List of Demands to Protect Federal Funds,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 3, 2025)

Anemona Hartocollis, Alan Blinder, Michael C. Bender and Vimal Patel, “Trump Administration Set to Pause $510 Million for Brown University,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 3, 2025)

Yash Roy, “Trump administration suspends dozens of research grants to Princeton,” CNN (Apr. 1, 2025)

Alan Blinder, Stephanie Saul and Anemona Hartocollis, “Trump Administration Will Review Billions in Funding for Harvard,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 31, 2025)

Sharon Otterman and Wesley Parnell, “Columbia Faculty Protests as Trump Officials Hail University Concessions,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 24, 2025)

Associated Press, “Education secretary says Columbia University’s changes put it on track to recover funding” (Mar. 23, 2025)

Maggie Stevens, “Universities Sprint From ‘We Will Not Cower’ to Appeasing Trump,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 23, 2025)

Tyler Coward, “Columbia caves to feds — and sets a dangerous precedent,” FIRE (March 21)

Matthew Haag and Katherine Rosman, “Decades Ago, Columbia Refused to Pay Trump $400 Million,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 21, 2025)

Troy Closson, “Columbia Agrees to Trump’s Demands After Federal Funds Are Stripped,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 21, 2025)

Columbia University, “Advancing Our Work to Combat Discrimination, Harassment, and Antisemitism at Columbia” (Mar. 21, 2025)

Josh Moody, “Columbia Agrees to Trump’s Demands,” Inside Higher Ed. (Mar. 21, 2025)

Franklin Foer, “Columbia University’s Anti-Semitism Problem,” The Atlantic (Mar. 17, 2025)

Madiba K. Dennie, “The Trump-Musk Administration Is Running Out of Ways to Ignore the First Amendment,” Balls and Strikes (Mar. 17, 2025)

David French, “Don’t Fool Yourself Into Thinking It Will Stop With Columbia,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 16, 2025)

Jessica Blake and Katherine Knott, “Trump’s Demands to Columbia Reflect Assault on Higher Ed, Experts Say,” Inside Higher Ed. (Mar. 14, 2025)

Katherine Rosman, “Trump Demands Major Changes in Columbia Discipline and Admissions Rules,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 14, 2025)

GSA, DOE, and HHS Letter to Columbia University (Mar. 13, 2025)

Ahmed Shihab-Eldin, “Columbia’s Cowardice And The Death of Free Speech In America,” Ahmed’s Perspective (Substack) (Mar. 12, 2025)

David Wallace-Wells, “The Problem at the Heart of Trump’s University Crackdown,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 11, 2025)

Karina Tsui and Elizabeth Wolfe, “Department of Education investigating 60 colleges and universities over antisemitism claims,” CNN (Mar. 11, 2025)

Katherine Knott, “Education Department Warns 60 Colleges Facing Antisemitism Investigations,” Inside Higher Ed (Mar. 11, 2025)

Michael C. Dorf, “Wait, Can He Actually Do That? Part 8: Trump Cancels Columbia,” Dorf on Law (Mar. 10, 2025)

Stephanie Saul, “Trump Pulled $400 Million From Columbia. Other Schools Could Be Next,” The New York Times (March 8)

Sharon Otterman, “Trump Threatens Columbia With Millions in Cuts Over Antisemitism Claims,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 4, 2025)

Jessica Blake, “Trump’s Antisemitism Order Leaves Many Questions Unanswered,” Inside Higher Ed (Feb. 4, 2025)

Collin Binkley, “Trump administration opens antisemitism inquiries at 5 colleges including Columbia and Berkeley,” Associated Press (Feb. 3, 2025)

Robert Shibley, Analysis: Harvard’s settlement adopting IHRA anti-Semitism definition a prescription to chill campus speech, “FIRE” (Feb. 3, 2025)

Susan H. Greenberg, Trump Vows ‘Forceful’ Measures to Combat Campus Antisemitism, “Inside Higher Ed” (Jan. 30, 2025)

Academic Freedom and University Speech

Tracey Tully, “This State University Has a Plan to Take on Trump,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 30, 2025)

Stephanie Saul and Alan Blinder, “Emerging From a Collective Silence, Universities Organize to Fight Trump,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 27, 2025)

Michael C. Bender, “Trump Signs Executive Order Targeting College Accreditors,” N.Y. Times Apr. 23, 2025)

Stephanie Saul, “More Than 220 Academic Leaders Condemn Trump ‘Overreach’,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 22, 2025)

Editorial Board, “What Harvard Has Set the Stage For, N.Y. Times (Apr. 16, 2025)

Jonah E. Bromwich, Michael S. Schmidt and Devlin Barrett, “Trump May Seek Judicial Oversight of Columbia, Potentially for Years,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 10, 2025)

Ryan Quinn, “First Columbia, Now Harvard: Middle East Studies Under Pressure,” Inside Higher Ed (Apr. 9, 2025)

Jenny Gross, “N.Y.U. Langone Cancels Doctor’s Speech, Citing Anti-Government Tone,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 2, 2025)

Josh Blackman, “Harvard Law School v. Vermeule,” The Volokh Conspiracy (Mar. 30, 2025)

Michael I. Kotlikoff, “I’m Cornell’s President. We’re Not Afraid of Debate and Dissent.,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 30, 2025)

Vimal Patel, “Leaders of Harvard’s Middle Eastern Studies Center Will Leave,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 28, 2025)

Michael C. Dorf, “AAUP Fills the Void the Columbia Administration Opened,” Dorf on Law (Mar. 27, 2025)

Academic Freedom Podcast, “On Columbia University and the Trump Administration” (Mar. 26, 2025)

Alyce McFadden, “Trump’s Cuts to Columbia Were a ‘Gun to the Head,’ Faculty Lawsuit Says,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 25, 2025)

Katherine Knott and Ryan Quinn, “Columbia Faculty Push Back on Trump’s Attacks,” Inside Higher Ed. (Mar. 25, 2025)

Jonathan R. Cole, “Columbia’s Capitulation Will Hurt Us All,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 24, 2025)

Troy Closson, Alan Blinder and Katherine Rosman, “Academia Confronts a Watershed Moment at Columbia, and the Right Revels,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 22, 2025)

Sara Weissman, “Northwestern Journalism Professor Says Pro-Palestinian Activism Cost Him Tenure,” Inside Higher Ed. (Mar. 21, 2025)

Alan Blinder, “Trump’s Battles With Colleges Could Change American Culture for a Generation,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 20, 2025)

Christopher L. Eisgruber, “The Cost of the Government’s Attack on Columbia,” The Atlantic (Mar. 19, 2025)

Daily Princetonian Editorial Board, “Universities are scared of Trump. Princeton spoke out — and others should join us.” The Daily Princetonian (Mar. 19, 2025)

Keith Whittington, “Funding With Strings Attached Risks Strangling Academic Freedom,” The Dispatch (Mar. 19, 2025)

Alan Blinder and Michael C. Bender, “White House Plans to Pause $175 Million for Penn Over Transgender Policy,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 19, 2025)

Ryan Quinn, “Columbia AAUP Urges University to Reject Trump’s Demands,” Inside Higher Ed (Mar. 19, 2025)

Katherine Rosman, “Legal Experts Question Trump’s Authority to Cancel Columbia’s Funding,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 17, 2025)

Collin Brinkley and Jake Offenhartz, “Trump demands unprecedented control at Columbia, alarming scholars and speech groups,” AP (Mar. 14, 2025)

Alan Blinder, “University of Minnesota, Under Federal Scrutiny, Limits Its Political Speech,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 14, 2025)

Press Release, “Knight Institute Condemns Trump Administration’s Effort to “‘Subjugate Universities to Official Power’” (Mar. 14, 2025)

Vimal Patel, “More Universities Are Choosing to Stay Neutral on the Biggest Issues,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 11, 2025)

Hillel Italie, Free speech organizations denounce Education Department’s calling book bans a ‘hoax’, “Associated Press” (Jan. 27, 2025)

Michelle Goldberg, Trump’s Plan to Crush the Academic Left, “N.Y. Times” (Jan. 24, 2025)

Ryan Quinn, AAUP Opposes ‘Anticipatory Obedience’ to Trump, GOP, “Inside Higher Ed” (Jan. 24, 2025)

K-12 Curriculum

Dana Goldstein, “Courts Block Trump From Withholding School Funds Over D.E.I., for Now,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 24, 2025)

Sarah Mervosh and Dana Goldstein, “A Legal Battle Over Trump’s Threats to Public School Funding Has Begun,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 17, 2025)

Sarah Mervosh, “A.C.L.U. Sues Defense Department Schools Over Book Bans,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 15, 2025)

Dana Goldstein, “How the Trump Administration Might Target D.E.I. in Public Schools,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 3, 2025)

Michael C. Bender, “Trump Administration Threatens to Withhold Funds From Public Schools,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 3, 2025)

Zach Montague & Erica L. Green, “Trump Signs Order to Promote ‘Patriotic Education’ in the Classroom,” N.Y. Times (Jan. 29, 2025)

Juan Perez, Jr. & Mackenzie Wilkes, “Trump issues orders on K-12 ‘indoctrination,’ school choice and campus protests,” Politico (Jan. 29, 2025)

Helen Coster & Nathan Layne, “Trump issues orders to promote school choice, end “anti-American” teaching,” Reuters (Jan. 29, 2025)

Immigration Enforcement

International Students

Eugene Volokh, “Deportation for “Pro-Palestine or Anti-Israel Political Speech” May Violate the First Amendment, Court Holds,” Volokh Conspiracy (Apr. 29, 2025)

Zach Montague, “Lawsuit Challenges Policy Allowing Immigration Action in Churches and Schools,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 28, 2025)

Kristine Parks, “Trump defends student deportations, dismisses free speech criticisms,” Fox News (Apr. 25, 2025)

Jonah E. Bromwich, “Mahmoud Khalil’s Wife Gives Birth as ICE Bars Him From Being There,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 21, 2025)

Jacob Sullum, “Marco Rubio Brags About Defending Freedom of Speech While Eagerly Undermining It,” Reason (Apr. 18, 2025)

Susannah Sudborough, “Judge orders that Tufts student who was arrested by ICE be returned to Vermont,” MassLive (Apr. 18, 2025)

Rachel Riedl and Stephen Yale-Loehr, “Our Foreign Students Are Terrified, and They’re Right to Be,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 19, 2025)

Hamed Aleaziz and Jonah E. Bromwich, “U.S. Cites Mideast Peace Process to Justify Move to Deport Student,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 15, 2025)

Jacob Mchangama and Hirad Marami, “The Deportation of Dissent,” The Bedrock Principle (Apr. 14, 2025)

Sharon Otterman and Ana Ley, “Columbia Activist Arrested by ICE at His Appointment for Citizenship,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 14, 2025)

Ilya Somin, Over Eighty Universities File Amicus Brief in Case Challenging Trump’s Speech-Based Deportations of Non-citizen Students, The Volokh Conspiracy (Apr. 13, 2025)

Jonah E. Bromwich, “Immigration Judge Rules Khalil Can Be Deported, but Legal Hurdles Remain,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 11, 2025)

Jake Offenhartz, “Pressed for evidence against Mahmoud Khalil, government cites its power to deport people for beliefs,” Associated Press (Apr. 10, 2025)

In the Matter of Khalil, U.S. Department of Homeland Security Submission of Documents (Apr. 9, 2025)

Albert Sun and Miriam Jordan, “What Rights Do Immigrants Have?,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 9, 2025)

Marin Scotten, “Lawyer Representing Student Protester Detained by Immigration Agents,” New Republic (Apr. 8, 2025)

Vimal Patel, Miriam Jordan and Halina Bennet, “Nearly 300 Students Have Had Visas Revoked and Could Face Deportation,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 7, 2025)

Ryan Quinn, “Cornell Grad Student Who Faced Deportation Leaves U.S. Himself,” Inside Higher Ed. (Apr. 2, 2025)

Edward Wong, “Rubio Orders U.S. Diplomats to Scour Student Visa Applicants’ Social Media,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 1, 2025)

Jameel Jaffer, “The Trump administration’s roundup of student protesters is genuinely shocking,” The Guardian (Mar. 31, 2025)

AFA Statement on the Deportation of Noncitizen Scholars and Students (Mar. 31, 2025)

Ilya Somin, “Universities Should Challenge Trump’s Speech-Based Deportations of Students in Court [Updated], The Volokh Conspiracy (Mar. 30, 2025)

Maria Luisa Paul, “Can noncitizens protest? What to know about First Amendment rights and risks.”, Wash. Post (Mar. 28, 2025)

Stephanie Saul, “Cornell Student Facing Deportation Felt Drawn to Protest,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 28, 2025)

Marc Caputo, “Exclusive: Trump’s “pro-Hamas” purge could block foreign students from colleges,” Axios (Mar. 27, 2025)

Jenna Russell, Safak Timur, Anemona Hartocollis and Eduardo Medina, “Federal Government Detains International Student at Tufts,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 27, 2025)

Fernando Cervantes, Jr., “ICE agents detain Tufts University grad student after pro-Palestinian opinion piece,” USA Today (Mar. 27, 2025)

Hafiz Rashid, “Marco Rubio Fails to Answer Simple Question on Tufts Student’s Arrest,” The New Republic (Mar. 27, 2025)

Alyssa Lukpat, Vera Bergengruen, and Gretchen Tarrant Gulla, “Detained Tufts Student Is Moved to Louisiana Despite Judge’s Order,” Wall Street Journal (Mar. 27, 2025)

MSNBC, “Legal expert shares chilling warning on Trump’s ‘disturbing’ free speech crackdown” (Mar. 27, 2025)

Kate Selig, “What We Know About the Detentions of Student Protesters,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 27, 2025)

Maher Ahmad, “The Dark Precedent in the Tufts Student’s Arrest,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 27, 2025)

Ryan Quinn, “AAUP, Middle East Studies Association Sue Trump Over Deportations,” Inside Higher Ed. (Mar. 26, 2025)

Santul Nerkar and Jonah E. Bromwich, “Judge Orders U.S. to Stop Attempts to Deport Columbia Undergraduate,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 25, 2025)

Sharon Otterman, “Professors Sue Trump Administration Over Arrests of Campus Protesters,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 25, 2025)

Jonah Bromwich and Hamed Aleaziz, “Columbia Student Hunted by ICE Sues to Prevent Deportation,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 24, 2025)

German Lopez, “Immigrants and Freedom of Speech,” N. Y. Times (Mar. 24, 2025)

Adam Liptak, “Law in Mahmoud Khalil’s Case Was Once Struck Down — by Trump’s Sister,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 24, 2025)

Jonah E. Bromwich, “U.S. Lodges New Accusations Against Detained Columbia Protest Leader,” N. Y. Times (Mar. 23, 2025)

Stephanie Saul, “ICE Tells a Cornell Student Activist to Turn Himself In,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 21, 2025)

Staff, “Lawsuit Challenges Trump’s Executive Orders Targeting Free Speech,” Palestine Chronicle (Mar. 19, 2025)

Raga Justin, “Cornell students sue Trump administration over ‘chilling’ of free speech,” Times Union (Mar. 17, 2025)

Stephanie Saul, “A Cornell graduate student fearing deportation files a pre-emptive lawsuit.”, N.Y. Times (Mar, 16, 2025)

Troy Closson, “U.S. Arrests 2nd Person Tied to Pro-Palestinian Protests at Columbia,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 14, 2025)

Greg Lukianoff and Robert Shibley, “Five things to remember as the Mahmoud Khalil case develops,” The Eternally Radical Idea (Mar. 13, 2025)

Gregg Jarrett, “Anti-Israel agitator Mahmoud Khalil can’t use the First Amendment as a shield for lawlessness,” Fox News (Mar. 13, 2025)

Benjamin Weiser, “Khalil Sues Columbia and Lawmakers to Keep Activists’ Names Secret,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 13, 2025)

Ahilan Arulanantham and Adam Cox, “Explainer on First Amendment and Due Process Issues in Deportation of Pro-Palestinian Student Activist(s),” Just Security (Mar. 12, 2025)

Zolan Kanno-Youngs and Hamed Aleaziz, “Inside Trump’s Crackdown on Dissent: Obscure Laws, ICE Agents and Fear,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 12, 2025)

Jonah E. Bromwich and Anusha Bayya, “Columbia Activist Has Not Been Allowed to Speak Privately With Lawyers,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 12, 2025)

Jonah E. Bromwich, “Judge to Consider Free Speech Issues in Columbia Activist’s Arrest,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 11, 2025)

Edward Wong, Charlie Savage, Hamed Aleaziz, and Luis Ferré-Sadurní, “Trump Administration Seeks to Expel a Green-Card Holder Over Student Protests,” The New York Times (March 10)

Alan Dershowitz, “Case of Anti-Israel Green Card Holder Seized by ICE Could Be a Close Call for Even the Highest of Courts,” The New York Sun (Mar. 10, 2025)

Aaron Blake, “The Trump team’s slippery justification for deporting Mahmoud Khalil,” The Washington Post (March 11, 2025)

Minho Kim, “The U.S. Is Trying to Deport Mahmoud Khalil, a Legal Resident. Here’s What to Know.”, N.Y. Times (Mar. 10, 2025)

Jack Nicastro, “Is it Constitutional To Deport Immigrants for Political Speech?,” Reason (Mar. 10, 2025)

Ilya Somin, “The Case Against Deporting Immigrants for “Pro-Terrorist” Speech,” The Volokh Conspiracy (Mar. 10, 2025)

Steve Vladek, “Five Questions About the Khalil Case,” One First (Mar. 10, 2025)

Ana Ley, “Columbia Activist in Detention Was Public Face of Protest Against Israel,” The New York Times (March 10, 2025)

Michelle Goldberg, “This Is the Greatest Threat to Free Speech Since the Red Scare,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 10, 2025)

Edward Wong, Charlie Savage, Hamed Aleaziz and Luis Ferré-Sadurní, “Trump Administration Seeks to Expel a Green-Card Holder Over Student Protests,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 10, 2025)

Katherine Knott, “ICE Arrests Former Columbia Student Who Led Pro-Palestinian Protests,” Inside Higher Ed. (Mar. 10, 2025)

Jake Offenhartz and Philip Marcelo, “Trump warns that arrest of Palestinian activist at Columbia will be ‘first of many’,” Associated Press (Mar. 10, 2025)

Press Release, “Knight Institute Says Threats to Deport Student Protesters Pose ‘Existential Threat’ to Universities” (Mar. 9, 2025)

Eliza Shapiro, “Immigration Authorities Arrest Pro-Palestinian Activist at Columbia,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 9, 2025)

Bianca Quilantan, “Trump threatens to deport, imprison foreign students for ‘illegal protests,’” Politico (Mar. 4, 2025)

Kendell Tietz, Jewish community responds to Trump executive order vowing to deport pro-Hamas activists with student visas, “Fox News” (Feb. 2, 2025)

Sarah McLaughlin, Trump’s threat to deport anti-Israel protesters is an attack on free speech, “MSNBC” (Jan. 31, 2025)

Sharon Otterman & Anemona Hartocollis, “Trump Order Pushes Universities to ‘Monitor’ Protesters on Student Visas,” N.Y. Times (Jan. 30, 2025)

Foreign Scholars

Zolan Kanno-Youngs, Tyler Pager and Hamed Aleaziz, “As Trump Broadens Crackdown, Focus Expands to Legal Immigrants and Tourists,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 21, 2025)

Liam Knox and Ryan Quinn, “Trump’s Latest Target: Foreign Scholars,” Inside Higher Ed. (Mar. 21, 2025)

Aurelien Breeden, “U.S. Says Decision to Turn Back French Scientist Had Nothing to Do With Trump,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 21, 2025)

Aurelien Breeden, “U.S. Turned Away French Scientist Over Views on Trump Policies, France Says,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 20, 2025)

Hank Sanders and Zolan Kanno-Youngs, “D.H.S. Detains a Georgetown University Academic,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 19, 2025)

Immigration Advocacy & Immigrants’ Speech

Jasmine Garsd, “U.S. says it is now monitoring immigrants’ social media for antisemitism,” NPR (Apr. 9, 2025)

Jack Healy and Jazmine Ulloa , “‘We Finally Got You.’ Immigrant-Rights Advocate Arrested in Colorado.,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 18, 2025)

Daniel Ortner and Brennen VanderVeen, “Trump’s border czar is wrong about AOC,” FIRE (Mar. 7, 2025)

Public Employees

Adam Goldman, “F.B.I. Suspends Employee on Patel’s So-Called Enemies List,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 11, 2025)

Devlin Barrett, “Justice Dept. Bars Its Lawyers From American Bar Association Functions,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 9, 2025)

Alan Feuer, Glenn Thrush and Adam Goldman, “Prosecutors in Washington Demoted in Retribution Push by Trump Ally,” N. Y. Times (Feb. 28, 2025)

Josh Blackman, FTC Bans Political Appointees From Being ABA Members, “The Volokh Conspiracy” (Feb. 15, 2025)

Sabrina Haake, Donald Trump’s retribution campaign tests the limits of the First Amendment, “Salon” (Feb. 10, 2025)

Courtney Cohn, “Federal Government Agrees Not to Release List of FBI Agents Involved in Trump Cases,” Democracy Docket (Feb. 7, 2025)

Daniel Barnes and Ken Dilanian, “FBI agents sue Justice Department, alleging ‘retribution’ over their work on Jan. 6 cases,” NBC (Feb. 4, 2025)

Kyle Cheney & Josh Gerstein, FBI agents sue to block DOJ from compiling list of officials who worked on Jan. 6 or Trump cases, “Politico” (Feb. 4, 2025)

Hafiz Rashid, FBI Sues Trump’s DOJ in Stunning Double Whammy of Lawsuits, “The New Republic” (Feb. 4, 2025)

Aaron Katersky, Pierre Thomas, and Alexander Mallin, “FBI agents file suit to block DOJ from compiling list of 6,000 employees who investigated Jan. 6,” ABC News (Feb. 4, 2025)

Ken Dilanian & Ryan J. Reilly, Trump administration fires DOJ officials who worked on criminal investigations of the president, “NBC News” (Jan. 27, 2025)

Selina Wang, Dr. Mark Abdelmalek, Anne Flaherty & Will Steakin, Federal employees told to remove pronouns from email signatures by end of day, “ABC News” (Jan. 31, 2025)

Private Sector

Law Firms

Zach Montague, “Judges Appear Receptive to Blocking Trump’s Orders Targeting Big Law Firms,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 23, 2025)

Jessica Silver-Greenberg, Matthew Goldstein and Kenneth P. Vogel, “Angst Builds Inside Federal Agency Over Trump’s Moves Against Law Firms,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 22, 2025)

Zach Montague, “Big Law Firms Fighting Trump’s Blacklist Seek Quick and Permanent Relief,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 23, 2025)

Michael S. Schmidt, Maggie Haberman, Matthew Goldstein, Jessica Silver-Greenberg, Ben Protess and William K. Rashbaum, “Law Firms Made Deals With Trump. Now He Wants More From Them.,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 16, 2025)

Adam Unikowsky, “Why My Firm Is Standing Up for the Constitution,” The Atlantic (Apr. 14, 2025)

Jack Birle, “Susman Godfrey sues Trump over executive order, represented by Usha Vance’s old law firm,” Washington Examiner (Apr. 12, 2025)

Colin Kalmbacher, “‘This could be any of us’: Another law firm targeted by Trump files First Amendment lawsuit, says executive orders pose ‘grave threat’ to America’s ‘foundational premise’”, Law & Crime (Apr. 12, 2025)

Matthew Goldstein, “Five More Big Law Firms Reach Deals With Trump,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 12, 2025)

Ben Protess, Maggie Haberman and Michael S. Schmidt, “Trump Close to Winning Concessions From More Law Firms,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 10, 2025)

Matthew Goldstein, “Two Law Firms File for Permanent Relief From Trump’s Executive Orders,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 8, 2025)

Maggie Haberman, Ben Protess and Michael S. Schmidt, “Another Law Firm Braces for Possible Blowback From Trump,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 7, 2025)

Mark Berman, “Democratic lawmakers ask law firms about agreements with Trump,” Washington Post (Apr. 7, 2025)

Mara Gay, “The People Who Want Institutions to Stand Up to Trump,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 6, 2025)

Jake Tapper, “Doug Emhoff publicly criticizes his law firm for coming to agreement with Trump administration,” CNN (Apr. 5, 2025)

Mark Berman, “Hundreds of law firms back Perkins Coie in fight against Trump sanctions,” Washington Post (Apr. 4, 2025)

Ali Bianco, “Big Law launches a trickle of resistance against Trump’s crackdown,” Politico (Apr. 4, 2025)

Ben Portess, “More Than 500 Law Firms Back Perkins Coie in Fight With Trump,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 4, 2025)

Ella Lee, “Hundreds of law firms, former judges sign onto briefs in support of Perkins Coie,” The Hill (Apr. 4, 2025)

Aaron Terr, “No president gets to decide who deserves a lawyer,” FIRE (Apr. 4, 2025)

Erwin Chemerinsky, “Trump is targeting law firms and academia. Why don’t they speak up?, Washington Post (Apr. 3, 2025)

Matthew Goldstein, Jessica Silver-Greenberg and Michael S. Schmidt, “Inside Elite Law Firms, Protests and Quitting After Trump Deals,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 2, 2025)

Matthew Goldstein, “Another Big Law Firm Reaches Agreement With Trump,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 2, 2025)

Ben Protess, “In Trump’s Fight With Perkins Coie, the Richest Law Firms Are Staying Quiet,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 2, 2025)

April Quinn, “Trump’s crusade against big law firms sparks fears of long-lasting damage,” CBS News (Apr. 2, 2025)

Jack Queen, “Doug Emhoff’s law firm Willkie Farr & Gallagher reaches deal with Trump,” Reuters (Apr. 1, 2025)

Ankush Khardori, “I Worked at a Big Law Firm. Here’s What to Know About the Surrender to Trump.,” Politico (Apr. 1, 2025)

Robert S. Smith, “I’m an Alum of Columbia and Paul, Weiss. There’s an Uncomfortable Lesson in Trump’s Tactics.”, N.Y. Times (Apr. 1, 2025)

“How law firms are fighting Trump’s executive orders,” CBS (March 31)

David Lat, “Judicial Notice (03.30.25): Trump v. Biglaw,” Original Jurisdiction (Mar. 30, 2025)

John W. Keker, Robert A. Van Nest and Elliot R. Peters, “Our Law Firm Won’t Cave to Trump. Who Will Join Us?,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 30, 2025)

Eugene Volokh, “Paul Clement’s Argument Against the Executive Order Targeting the WilmerHale Law Firm,” The Volokh Conspiracy (Mar. 29, 2025)

Caroline G. Hennigan and Bradford D. Kimball, “More Than 80 HLS Professors Denounce Trump Admin Attacks on Law Firms in Letter to Students,” The Harvard Crimson (Mar. 29, 2025)

David Enrich, “Trump’s Not-So-Subtle Purpose in Fighting Big Law Firms,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 29, 2025)

Dana Mattioli and Erin Mulvaney, “Inside the Law Firm That Decided to Fight Back Against Trump’s Attack,” Wall Street Journal (Mar. 28, 2025)

Ed Whelan, “Paul Clement’s Courage and Integrity,” National Review (Mar. 28, 2025)

Eugene Volokh, “Court Temporarily Blocks Much of Executive Order Targeting the WilmerHale Law Firm,” The Volokh Conspiracy (Mar. 29, 2025)

Mark Berman, Perry Stein and Jeremy Roebuck, “Two law firms sue over sanctions as Trump strikes deal with a third,” Wash. Post (Mar. 28, 2025)

Alexander Mallin and Katherine Faulders, “Trump, law firm reach $100M deal to avoid executive order — while other firms sue,” ABC News (Mar. 28, 2025)

Jenner Stands Firm (law firm website re Executive Order)

Michael S. Schmidt, Matthew Goldstein and Devlin Barrett, “As Firms Sue to Stop Trump’s Executive Orders, a Split Emerges in Big Law,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 28, 2025)

Michael S. Schmidt, Ben Protess, Matthew Goldstein, Jessica Silver-Greenberg and Maureen Farrell, “Skadden, a Top Law Firm, Is in Talks to Avert an Executive Order,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 27, 2025)

David Lat, “A Skadden Associate Urges Peers To Stand Up For The Rule Of Law,” Original Jurisdiction (Mar. 27, 2025)

Chris Cameron, “Trump Targets WilmerHale, Citing Law Firm’s Connection to Robert Mueller,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 27, 2025)

Devlin Barrett, “Trump’s Old Grudge Fuels Swipe at a New Law Firm,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 25, 2025)

Deborah Pearlstein, “They Are America’s Most Powerful Law Firms. Their Silence Is Deafening.”, N. Y. Times (Mar. 25, 2025)

Ali Bianco, “Trump hangs sword of Damocles over the American legal system,” Politico (Mar. 22, 2025)

Devlin Barrett, “With New Decree, Trump Seeks to Cow the Legal Profession,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 22, 2025)

Ali Bianco, “Trump hangs sword of Damocles over the American legal system,” Politico (March 22)

Danielle Kaye, Lauren Hirsch and Maureen Farrell, “Paul Weiss Deal With Trump Faces Backlash From Legal Profession,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 21, 2025)

Michael S. Schmidt, “Big Law Firm Reaches Deal With Trump Over Executive Order,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 20, 2025)

Davod Post, Paul, Weiss Next on the Chopping Block, Volokh Conspiracy (Mar. 15, 2025)

Devlin Barrett and Tyler Pager, “Trump Expands Attacks on Law Firms, Singling Out Paul, Weiss,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 14, 2025)

David Lat, “Trump’s Attack On Perkins Coie Sends Chills Down My Spine,” Original Jurisdiction (Mar. 14, 2025)

Josh Blackman, “Remember When The Obama Administration Pressured Baker Hostetler To Drop Its Representation In House of Representatives v. Burwell?,” Volokh Conspiracy (Mar. 13, 2025)

Michael S. Schmidt, “Trump’s Revenge on Law Firms Seen as Undermining Justice System,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 12, 2025)

Kyle Cheney and Josh Gerstein, “Judge blocks key provisions of Trump’s bid to punish Democratic-linked law firm,” Politico (Mar. 12, 2025)

Perry Stein, “Judge says Trump penalties on law firm send ‘chills down my spine’”, Washington Post (Mar. 12, 2025)

Mike Scarcella, “Legal profession ‘watching in horror,’ judge says in blocking Trump order against Perkins Coie,” Reuters (Mar. 12, 2025)

Editorial Board, “Trump, Perkins Coie and John Adams,” Wall Street Journal (Mar. 11, 2025)

G.S. Hans, “Trump’s Attacks On Law Firms Are Borrowed From Some Pretty Famous Despots,” Balls and Strikes (Mar. 10, 2025)

Nicole Narea, “Trump is shredding the First Amendment under the guise of ‘national security,’” VOX (Mar. 10, 2025

Devlin Barrett, “Trump Ramps Up Attacks on Law Firms With Order Targeting Perkins Coie,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 6, 2025)

Staci Zaretsky, “Biglaw Firms Shying Away From Hiring Fired Government Lawyers For Fear Of Being ‘Scorned’ By Trump Administration,” Above the Law (Feb. 28, 2025)

Devlin Barrett, Glenn Thrush, Maggie Haberman and Alan Feuer, “Trump Takes Aim at Law Firm Aiding Jack Smith,” N.Y. Times Feb. 25, 2025)

Critics & Enemies

JT Morris and Will Creeley, “US Attorney Ed Martin’s bully tactics have no place in America,” FIRE (Feb. 21, 2025)

Peter Nicholas, Trump administration swiftly enacts retribution against political enemies, “NBC News” (Jan. 26, 2025)

Transparency, Data, and Information

Data, Information, and Scientific Research

Teddy Rosenbluth, “‘Vaguely Threatening’: Federal Prosecutor Queries Leading Medical Journal, N.Y. Times (Apr. 25, 2025)

Katherine J. Wu, ‘This Is Not How We Do Science, Ever’,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 25, 2025)

Phillip Levin, “Trump Tried to Derail Our Work. We Banded Together and Moved Forward.”, N.Y. Times (Apr. 22, 2025)

David Post, “Why is Ed Martin So Interested in Medical Journal Publication Practices?”, Volokh Conspiracy (Apr. 21, 2025)

Teddy Rosenbluth and Rebecca Robbins, “Trump-Allied Prosecutor Sends Letters to Medical Journals Alleging Bias,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 18, 2025)

Alice Callahan, “Leading Nutrition Scientist Departs N.I.H., Citing Censorship,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 16, 2025)

Leila Fadel, “How the Trump administration is impacting the First Amendment rights of scientists,” NPR Morning Edition (Apr. 14, 2025)

Nanna Bonde Thylstrup and Richard Ovenden, “Politicians Shouldn’t Get to Delete Inconvenient Facts,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 11, 2025)

John Ismay, “Who’s In and Who’s Out at the Naval Academy’s Library?,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 11, 2025)

Zoe Satile, “National Park Service removes references to Harriet Tubman from ‘Underground Railroad’ webpage,” CNN (Apr. 6, 2025)

John Swaine and Jeremy B. Merrill, “Amid anti-DEI push, National Park Service rewrites history of Underground Railroad,” Washington Post (Apr. 6, 2025)

Tiffany Hsu, “The White House Frames the Past by Erasing Parts of It,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 5, 2025)

Huo Jingnan and Quil Lawrence, “Here are all the ways people are disappearing from government websites,” NPR (Mar. 19, 2025)

Gaby Arancibia, “How DEI rollback prompted the scrubbing of Arlington National Cemetery’s website,” WTOP News (Mar. 16, 2025)

Tim Balk, “Arlington Cemetery Website Loses Pages on Black Veterans, Women and Civil War,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 14, 2025)

Nate Raymond, “Harvard doctors sue over Trump removal of articles mentioning LGBTQ health issues,” Reuters (Mar. 12, 2025)

Karen Zraick, “Farmers Sue Over Deletion of Climate Data From Government Websites,” N.Y. Times (Feb. 24, 2025)

Brendan Pierson, “Trump administration ordered to restore removed CDC and FDA websites,” Reuters (Feb. 11, 2025)

Catherine Rampell & Amanda Shendruk, A sample of the government webpages Trump doesn’t want you to see, “Washington Post” (Feb. 9, 2025)

Reporters Without Borders, USA: Trump’s attacks on government transparency erode press freedom (Feb. 7, 2025)

National Security Archive, Disappearing Data: Trump Administration Removing Climate Information From Government Websites (Feb. 6, 2025)

Brian Bennett, Federal Webpages Go Dark as Trump Administration Removes Public Data, “Time” (Jan. 31, 2025)

Jonathan J. Cooper, A list of government web pages that have gone dark to comply with Trump orders, “Associated Press” (Jan. 31, 2025)

Jarrett Renshaw and David Shepardson, “Trump orders agencies to scrub ‘gender ideology’ from contracts, websites,” Reuters (Jan. 29, 2025)

Museums and Libraries

Ryan Holiday, “The Naval Academy Thinks Midshipmen Can’t Handle the Truth,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 19, 2025)

Graham Bowley, Robin Pogrebin and Jennifer Schuessler, “House Democrats Criticize Trump’s Smithsonian Order,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 18, 2025)

Sarah Mervosh, “A.C.L.U. Sues Defense Department Schools Over Book Bans,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 15, 2025)

Jennier Scheussler, “States Challenge Trump’s Effort to Dismantle Library Agency,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 4, 2025)

Zachary Small, “Taking Aim at Smithsonian, Trump Wades Into Race and Biology,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 31, 2020)

Jennifer Schuessler, “Trump Administration Moves to Shutter Library Agency,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 31, 2025)

Jennifer Schuessler, “What to Know About Trump’s Order Taking Aim at the Smithsonian,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 29, 2025)

Petula Dvorak, “Trump issues executive order to eliminate ‘anti-American ideology’ from Smithsonian,” Wash. Post (Mar. 27, 2025)

Sareen Habeshian, “Trump targets Smithsonian funding for programs with “improper ideology“,” Axios (Mar. 27, 2025)

Jennifer Schuessler, “Library Advocates Rally as Trump Targets Federal Funding,” N. Y. Times (Mar. 24, 2025)

Kathryn Palmer, “Trump Order Threatens University Libraries, Museums,” Inside Higher Ed. (Mar. 20, 2025)

Public Broadcasting

Linda Qiu, “In Breakneck 2nd Term, Trump Turns to Falsehoods to Justify His Agenda,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 29, 2025)

Minho Kim, “Judge Orders Trump Officials to Disburse Funding for Radio Free Europe,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 29, 2025)

Minho Kim, ”Judge Blocks Trump Effort to Dismantle Voice of America,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 22, 2025)

Paul Sonne, Alina Lobzina and Milana Mazaeva, “Its Journalism Challenged Autocrats. Trump Wants to Silence It.,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 16, 2025)

Benjamin Mullin, Tony Romm and Jonathan Swan, “White House to Ask Congress to Claw Back Funding From NPR and PBS,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 14, 2025)

Hannah Beech and Sun Narin, “In a Strongman State, a Trump Order Extinguishes Flickers of Freedom,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 7, 2025)

Free Speech Center, Voice of America wins in court, for now, as judge blocks Trump administration from firing staff (Mar. 31, 2025)

Sarah Ellison and Shayna Jacobs, “Federal judge in New York says VOA journalists get jobs back for now,” Wash. Post (Mar. 28, 2025)

Michael M. Grynbaum, “U.S. Judge Orders Halt to Trump’s Effort to Dismantle Voice of America,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 28, 2025)

Li Yuan, “Trump Could Hand China a ‘Strategic Victory’ by Silencing Voice of America,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 28, 2025)

Danielle Kaye, “Voice of America Director Sues Trump Officials Over Shutdown,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 26, 2025)

Minho Kim, “Federal Judge Blocks Trump’s Push to Shut Down Radio Free Europe,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 26, 2025)

Serge Schmemann, “Freedom’s Frequencies Fall Silent,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 24, 2025)

David Folkenflik, “Voice of America staff sue Trump administration for shutting down network,” NPR (Mar. 21, 2025)

David Folkenflik, “Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty sues Trump administration over canceled contract,” NPR (Mar. 18, 2025)

Tyler Pager, “Trump Orders Gutting of 7 Agencies, Including Voice of America’s Parent,” N. Y. Times (Mar. 15, 2025)

Ali Bianco, “Trump’s next agency cuts include US-backed global media, library and museum grants,” Politico (Mar. 15, 2025)

Misinformation and Disinformation

Benjamin Mueller, “On New Website, Trump Declares Lab Leak as ‘True Origins’ of Covid,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 18, 2025)

Marco Rubio, “To Protect Free Speech, The Censorship-Industrial Complex Must Be Dismantled,” The Federalist (Apr. 16, 2025)

Edward Wong, “Trump Aides Close State Dept. Office on Foreign Disinformation,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 16, 2025)

Steven Lee Myers and Stuart A. Thompson, “In His Second Term, Trump Fuels a ‘Machinery’ of Misinformation,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 24, 2025)

“DOGE” and Transparency

Susanna Granieri, “Freedom of the Press Foundation’s Seth Stern on the Controversy Around WIRED’s Reporting on DOGE,” First Amendment Watch (March 31, 2025)

David Fahrenthold and Jeremy Singer-Vine, “DOGE Reverses Move That Made Its Claims Nearly Impossible to Check,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 18, 2025)

Zach Montague, “Judge Orders Musk and His Team to Turn Over Records and Answer Questions,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 13, 2025)

David A. Fahrenthold and Jeremy Singer-Vine, “DOGE Makes Its Latest Errors Harder to Find,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 13, 2025)

‘Where is Elon Musk?’: Democratic Rep. Larson shouts at committee colleagues for blocking Musk’s testimony, CNN (Mar. 12, 2025)

Grants and Funding

Michael Copley, “Environmental groups say Trump administration violated their free-speech rights,” NPR (Apr. 23, 2025)

Jesse Singal, “Trump’s Attack on Trans Youth Research Is a Tragic Error,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 27, 2025)

Tony Room, “Trump’s Budget Chief Eyes Deep Cuts to ‘Woke and Weaponized’ Spending,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 28, 2025)

Ailia Zehra, “Social Security chief reverses course on ending contracts affecting Maine: ‘I apologize,’” The Hill (Mar. 7, 2025)

Danielle Douglas-Gabriel, “Trump signs order to limit who gets public service student loan forgiveness,” Wash. Post (Mar. 7, 2025)

Sheryl Gay Stolberg and Apoorva Mandavilli, “Trump Administration Sends Politically Charged Survey to Researchers,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 7, 2025)

Michael Paulson, “Theaters Sue the N.E.A. Over Trump’s ‘Gender Ideology’ Order,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 6, 2025)

Jonathan P. Eburne, “An Open Letter to the NEH,” Inside Higher Ed. (Feb. 28, 2025)

Protests and Demonstrations

Campus Protests and Student Speech

Peter Beinart, “Trump Doesn’t Want to Protect All Jewish Students — Just Those on His Team,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 28, 2025)

Anvee Bhutani, “Protesters Chain Themselves to Columbia Gates, Calling for Activists’ Release,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 21, 2025)

Colin Moynihan and Mitch Smith, “Senate Panel Demands Information About Gaza Protest Group at Columbia,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 9, 2025)

Alex Freeman, “Trump’s War Against Students: The First Amendment in Question,” Tr!LL Mag (Apr. 5, 2025)

Gaby Del Valle, “Universities are giving up the fight for free speech — students aren’t,” The Verge (Apr. 3, 2025)

Isabelle Taft, “How Colleges Are Cracking Down on Students Now,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 29, 2025)

Melinda Henneberger, “Vance called professors the enemy. On campus, the right wants to replicate what it hates,” The Kansas City Star (Mar. 20, 2025)

Liam Knox, “Columbia Imposes Harsh Sanctions for Student Protesters,” Inside Higher Ed (Mar. 14, 2025)

Liam Stack and Katherine Rosman, “At Columbia, Tension Over Gaza Protests Hits Breaking Point Under Trump,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 12, 2025)

Owen Jones, “Threaten campuses, shut down debate: that’s what free speech looks like under Trump,” The Guardian (Mar. 11, 2025)

Paul Horwitz, “Cowardice is the Through-Line,” PrawfsBlawg (Mar. 11, 2025)

Public Protests

Shaila Dewan, Minho Kim and Katie Benner, “Mass Protests Across the Country Show Resistance to Trump,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 5, 2025)

Clyde McGrady and Tim Arango, “Black Lives Matter Plaza Is Gone. Its Erasure Feels Symbolic.”, N.Y. Times (Mar. 16, 2025)

Conor Murray, “Surge In Tesla Protests: AG Bondi Says Justice Department Will Investigate,” Forbes (Mar. 14, 2025)

Julia Shaero, “Bondi tells Tesla vandals to ‘watch out’,” The Hill (Mar. 14, 2025)

Susan B. Glasser, “Why Aren’t We In The Streets?”, New Yorker (Feb. 27, 2025)

“Trump on Surveillance, Protest, and Free Speech,” ACLU (2025)

Spencer Reynolds, The Little-Known Federal Agency That’s Primed to Crack Down on Dissent, “Brennan Center” (Dec. 9, 2024)

FIRE, Trump’s proposed constitutional amendment banning flag burning would have unintended consequences (Aug. 29, 2024)

Governmental Orthodoxy

DEI and Race

Ed Shanahan, “Trump Administration Opens Civil Rights Inquiry Into a Long Island Mascot Fight,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 25. 2025)

Troy Closson, “Trump Joins a Bitter Fight on Long Island Over a School Mascot,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 22, 2025)

John Ismay, “These Are the 381 Books Removed From the Naval Academy Library,” N.Y. Times (April 4, 2025)

John Ismay and Kate Selig, “Naval Academy Takes Steps to End Diversity Policies in Books and Admissions,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 28, 2025)

Joseph Goldstein, “Fearing Trump, Hospital Shuns ‘Trigger’ Words Like ‘Diverse’,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 19, 2025)

Emma Goldberg, Aaron Krolik and Lily Boyce, “How Corporate America Is Retreating From D.E.I.,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 12, 2025)

Tom Nichols, “The Pentagon’s DEI Panic,” The Atlantic (Mar. 7, 2025)

Karen Yourish, Annie Daniel, Saurabh Datar, Isaac White and Lazaro Gamio, “These Words Are Disappearing in the New Trump Administration,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 7, 2025)

T. Scott Kelly, Nonnie L. Shivers, and Zachary V. Zagger “Federal Court Preliminarily Blocks Key Parts of President Trump’s Orders Restricting DEI at Private Employers,” Ogletree Deakins (Feb. 22, 2025)

Thomas Novelly, “No Flyover or Band for Frederick Douglass Celebration. Maryland Guard Says It Violates Pentagon Policy,” Military.com (Feb. 17, 2025)

Gender and Gender Identity

Cybele Mayes-Osterman, “Air Force backtracks Hegseth pronoun ban after realizing it violates Biden law,” USA Today (Apr. 8, 2025)

Michael M. Grynbaum, “Pronouns in Bio? You May Not Get a Response From the White House.,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 8, 2025)

Richard Luscombe, “Nasa drops plan to land first woman and first person of color on the moon,” The Guardian (Mar. 21, 2025)

Shawn Paik, “Republican Confronted After Misgendering Trans Democrat,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 12, 2025)

Leah Sarnoff, Mark Crudele, Aaron Katersky, and Kiara Alfonseca, “Transgender references removed from Stonewall National Monument website,” ABC News (Feb. 14, 2025)

Ernesto Londono, Transgender Americans Challenge Trump’s Passport Policy in Court, “N.Y. Times” (Feb. 7, 2025)

History and Patriotism

Clint Smith, “What It Means to Tell the Truth About America,” The Atlantic (Apr. 21, 2025)

Jennifer Schuessler, “Trump’s American History Revolution,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 19, 2025)

Janay Kingsberry and Travis M. Andrews, “Trump revives plan to spend NEH, NEA funds on ‘Garden of American Heroes’,” Washington Post (Apr. 11, 2025)

Luke Broadwater, “Trump Signs Order to Designate English as Official Language of the U.S.,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 1, 2025)

Steven Vladek, The “‘Fixed Star in Our Constitutional Constellation,’” One First (Feb. 24, 2025)

Retribution and Chilling Speech

Charlie Savage, Maggie Haberman, Jonathan Swan and Michael S. Schmidt, “Trump Escalates Use of Official Power to Intimidate and Punish His Perceived Foes,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 10, 2025)

Thom Hartman, “Trump’s Latest Executive Order Lays Bare His Authoritarian Ambitions,” The New Republic (Apr. 10, 2025)

Chris Cameron, “Trump Signs Orders Punishing Those Who Opposed His 2020 Election Lies,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 9, 2025)

Adam Cancryn and Maggie Miller, “Trump orders investigation of two first-term administration aides who criticized him,” Politico (Apr. 9, 2025)

Michael S. Schmidt, “In Trump’s Second Term, Retribution Comes in Many Forms,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 7, 2025)

Michael S. Schmidt, Matthew Cullen and Lazaro Gamio, “List: Who Trump Has Targeted for Retribution,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 7, 2025)

Jeremy Herb, Fredreka Schouten, Annie Grayer and Steve Contorno,, “Trump is using the power of government to punish opponents. They’re struggling to respond,” CNN (Mar. 30, 2025)

Dafyyd Townley, “Donald Trump’s ‘chilling effect’ on free speech and dissent is threatening US democracy,” The Conversation (Mar. 26, 2025)

Elisabeth Bumiller, “‘People Are Going Silent’: Fearing Retribution, Trump Critics Muzzle Themselves,” N. Y. Times (Mar. 6, 2025)

Naftali Bendavid, “Trump’s opponents decry a sweeping crackdown on free speech,” Wash. Post (Mar. 3, 2025)

Sahil Kapur, ‘Totally illegal’: Trump escalates rhetoric on outlawing political dissent and criticism, NBC News (Oct. 13, 2024)

Adrienne LaFrance, Donald Trump’s Hatred of Free Speech, The Atlantic (Nov. 4. 2024)

Investigations

Maggie Haberman, Reid J. Epstein and Kenneth P. Vogel, “Trump Directs Justice Dept. to Investigate ActBlue, Democrats’ Cash Engine,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 24, 2025)

Calder McHugh, Holly Otterbein, Megan Messerly and Elena Schneider, “Dems brace for Trump’s assault on ActBlue: ‘We’re not going to allow it.’, Politico (Apr. 24, 2025)

Hafid Rashiz, “Pro-Israel Group Asks Pam Bondi to Investigate YouTube Star Ms. Rachel,” New Republic (Apr. 8, 2025)

Daniel Ortner and Brennen VanderVeen, “Trump’s border czar is wrong about AOC,” FIRE (Mar. 7, 2025)

Glenn Thrush, “U.S. Attorney Rebuffed by Justice Dept. in Push to Escalate Inquiry Into Schumer,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 3, 2025)

The Bigger Picture

Grace Abels and Amy Sherman, “President Trump said he ‘brought back free speech.’ His first 100 days tell a different story.,” PolitiFact (Apr. 29, 2025)

New York Times Opinion, “A Road Map of Trump’s Lawless Presidency, According to 35 Legal Scholars” (Apr. 28, 2025)

David French, “This Is the Hole the Anti-Woke Right Fell Into,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 24, 2025)

Luke Broadwater, “Trump’s Threats Force Institutions to Choose: Cut a Deal or Fight Back,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 16, 2025)

Democracy Now! (Broadcast), “A War on the First Amendment: David Cole on Trump Targeting Students, Law Firms, Schools & Journalists” (Apr. 9, 2025)

Josh Moody, “Conservatives Seize the Moment to Remake Higher Ed,” Inside Higher Ed (Apr. 9, 2025)

Michael S. Roth, “Trump Is Selling Jews a Dangerous Lie,” N.Y. Times (Apr. 7, 2025)

National Public Radio, “Freedom of speech is shifting under the Trump administration. We’re exploring how” (Series on “All Things Considered”)

Yair Rosenberg, “Trump’s Jewish Cover Story,” The Atlantic (Apr. 4, 2025)

John F. Harris, “The Great Grovel: How Trump forced elite institutions to bend to his will,” Politico (Mar. 31, 2025)

Isaac Stanley-Becker, “The United States of Fear,” The Atlantic (Mar. 25, 2025)

Ross Douthat, “It’s About Ideology, Not Oligarchy,” N. Y. Times (Mar. 22, 2025)

Steven Vladek, “The Courts Alone Can’t Save Us,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 20, 2025)

Kenneth P. Vogel and Shane Goldmacher, “With Orders, Investigations and Innuendo, Trump and G.O.P. Aim to Cripple the Left,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 19, 2025)

Meghan O’Rourke, “The End of the University as We Know It,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 16, 2025)

Alan Feuer, “Trump’s Grievance-Filled Speech Makes Clear His Quest for Vengeance Is Personal,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 15, 2025)

Editorial Board, “The Authoritarian Endgame on Higher Education,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 15, 2025)

Gessen Tressie and Bret Stephens , “‘A Really Easy Mark for Trump’: Three Columnists on the Threats to Elite Colleges,” N.Y. Times (Mar. 15, 2025)

Paul Blumenthal, “Donald Trump Is Tearing Up The First Amendment,” Politico (Mar. 13, 2025)

Editorial Board, “The MAGA War on Speech,” N.Y. Times (Feb. 28, 2025)

Peter Baker, “In Trump’s Washington, a Moscow-Like Chill Takes Hold,” N.Y. Times (Feb. 26, 2025)

Jonathan Rauch, “One Word Describes Trump,” The Atlantic (Feb. 24, 2025)

David Graham, “The Free-Speech Phonies,” The Atlantic (Feb. 20, 2025)

David Super, “Emerging Outlines of an Executive Power Grab,” Balkinization (Feb. 20, 2025)

Nicholas Kristof, Not Quite a Unified Theory of Trumpism, but Still an Alarming Pattern, “N.Y. Times” (Feb. 15, 2025)

Jenna Leventoff, “Trump needs to do three big things to protect free speech,” Fox News (Feb. 24, 2025)

Jacob Mchangama, Trump’s Free Speech Shell Game: Bold Promises, Troubling Actions, “The Bedrock Principle” (Feb. 10, 2025)

Kate Ruane, “When it Comes to Free Speech, the Trump Administration Should Follow Its Own Order,” Center for Democracy & Technology (Feb. 10)

Tracking All Trump 2.0 Lawsuits

Just Security, “Litigation Tracker: Legal Challenges to Trump Administration Actions”

Chase DiBenedetto, “This online database tracks the 100+ legal challenges against Trump,” Mashable (Mar. 13, 2025)

Alex Lemonides, Seamus Hughes, Mattathias Schwartz and Lazaro Gamio, “Tracking the Lawsuits Against Trump’s Agenda,” N. Y. Times (Mar. 6, 2025)

Justin Jouvenal and Ann E. Marimow, Tracking Trump’s wins and losses in court cases over his executive orders,” Washington Post (Feb. 7, 2025)

Special Collection: Trump Administration 2.0: Challenges to the Government

Special Collection: Trump Administration 2.0: Litigation and Investigations Involving the Government

Louise Bedworth, Tracking the Trump Administration, Legal Planet (Mar. 6, 2025)